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EMPIRICAL PAPER

Multicultural competencies: What are we measuring?

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Pages 342-351 | Received 20 Jun 2014, Accepted 27 Oct 2014, Published online: 08 Dec 2014
 

Abstract

The current study examined the validity of the client-rated version of the Cross-Cultural Counseling Inventory–Revised (CCCI-R). The first phase of this study involved a content validation of the CCCI-R by experts who had publications in the fields of multicultural competencies (MCCs) and psychotherapy research. Of the 20 items on the CCCI-R, 7 were rated as appropriate for client use. The second phase of this study utilized confirmatory factor analysis to examine construct validity by testing whether clients' perceptions of their therapists' MCCs (via the seven items validated by experts) were distinct from client-rated working alliance scores. Model fit statistics supported a theoretically based model in which MCCs were measured distinctly from working alliance, but where the two factors were related. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

Diese Studie untersuchte die Validität der Selbstbeurteilungsversion des Cross-Cultural Counseling Inventory-Revised (CCCI-R). Die erste Phase dieser Untersuchung umfasste eine Inhaltsvalidierung des CCCI-R, welche von Experten, die bereits in den Bereichen der multikulturellen Kompetenzen (MCCs) und Psychotherapieforschung publiziert haben, vorgenommen wurde. Von den 20 Items des CCCI-R wurden 7 als für die Klientenverwendung angemessen beurteilt. In der zweiten Phase der Untersuchung wurde die Konstruktvalidität mithilfe einer konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalyse überprüft: Dabei wurde getestet, ob die Wahrnehmung der Klienten bezüglich der MCCs ihrer Therapeuten (anhand der sieben, von Experten validierten Items) von der Klienteneinschätzung bezüglich der therapeutischen Allianz differenziert werden konnte. Model fit Statistiken unterstützen die theoretische Annahme, dass die MCCs getrennt von der therapeutischen Allianz gemessen werden, aber dass die beiden Faktoren zusammenhängen. Implikationen für Theorie und Praxis werden diskutiert.

Questo studio ha esaminato la validità della versione per pazienti del Cross-Cultural Counseling Inventory–Revised (CCCI-R). La prima fase di questo studio ha compreso la validazione di contenuto del CCCI-R da parte di esperti autori di pubblicazioni nel campo delle competenze multiculturali (MCC) e nella ricerca in psicoterapia. Dei 20 item del CCCI-R, 7 sono stati valutati come appropriati per l'uso dei pazienti. La seconda fase di questo studio ha utilizzato un'analisi fattoriale confermatoria per esaminare la validità di costrutto testando se le percezioni dei pazienti delle competenze multiculturali dei loro terapeuti (tramite i sette item convalidati dagli esperti) erano distinte dai punteggi di alleanza di lavoro attribuiti dai pazienti. Modelli statistici adeguati hanno sostenuto un modello basato teoricamente dove le MCC sono state misurate in modo distinto dall'alleanza di lavoro, ma dove i due fattori erano correlati. Sono discusse le implicazioni per la teoria e la pratica.

O presente estudo examinou a validade da versão para o cliente do Cross-Cultural Counseling Inventory-Revised (CCCI-R). A primeira fase deste estudo envolveu uma validação de conteúdo do CCCI-R por experts com publicações nas áreas de competências multiculturais (CMCs) e investigação em psicoterapia. Dos 20 itens do CCCI -R, 7 foram classificados como adequados para o uso do cliente. A segunda fase deste estudo utilizou a análise fatorial confirmatória para examinar a validade de constructo, testando se a perceção das CMCs dos seus clientes para os respetivos terapeutas (através dos sete itens validados pelos experts) eram distintos dos valores da aliança terapêutica tal como pontuada pelos clientes. Modelos estatísticos ajustados apoiaram um modelo baseado em teoria no qual as CMCs foram medidas de forma distinta da aliança terapêutica, mas onde ambos os fatores foram relacionados. Discutem-se ainda as implicações para a teoria e prática.

本研究在檢視由當事人填寫的「跨文化諮商調查表-修正版(CCCI-R)」的效度。本研究的階段一是由發表過多元文化能力(MCCs)與進行過心理治療研究的專家檢視量表的內容效度。在CCCI-R的20題當中,有7題被認為適合當事人填答。本研究的第二個階段則是運用驗證性因素分析法來檢視量表的構念效度,藉此檢驗當事人對其治療師是否具備多元文化能力(透過專家效度得出的七題)的知覺,與當事人對工作同盟的知覺評量是否有所區別。結果所形成的統計模式可以支持以理論為基礎的模式,這其中多元文化能力和工作同盟得以有所區隔,但是兩個因素又互有關連。最後針對理論與實務的運用加以討論。

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