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EMPIRICAL PAPER

Effects of religious vs. standard cognitive behavioral therapy on therapeutic alliance: A randomized clinical trial

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Pages 365-376 | Received 21 Jun 2014, Accepted 06 Jan 2015, Published online: 11 Feb 2015
 

Abstract

Background: Treatments that integrate religious clients' beliefs into therapy may enhance the therapeutic alliance (TA) in religious clients. Objective: Compare the effects of religiously integrated cognitive behavioral therapy (RCBT) and standard CBT (SCBT) on TA in adults with major depression and chronic medical illness. Method: Multi-site randomized controlled trial in 132 participants, of whom 108 (SCBT = 53, RCBT = 55) completed the Revised Helping Alliance Questionnaire (HAQ-II) at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Trajectory of change in scores over time was compared between groups. Results: HAQ-II score at 4 weeks predicted a decline in depressive symptoms over time independent of treatment group (B = −0.06, SE = 0.02, p = 0.002, n = 108). There was a marginally significant difference in HAQ-II scores at 4 weeks that favored RCBT (p = 0.076); however, the mixed effects model indicated a significant group by time interaction that favored the SCBT group (B = 1.84, SE = 0.90, degrees of freedom = 181, t = 2.04, p = 0.043, d = 0.30). Conclusions: While RCBT produces a marginally greater improvement in TA initially compared with SCBT, SCBT soon catches up.

Hintergrund: Die Therapiebeziehung kann verbessert werden, wenn religiöse Überzeugungen religiöser Patienten in die Therapie integriert werden. Ziel: Vergleich der Effekte der religiösen kognitiv-behavioralen Therapie (RCBT) und der standardmäßigen kognitiv-behavioralen Verhaltenstherapie (SCBT) auf die Therapiebeziehung bei Erwachsenen mit einer Depression und chronischen somatischen Erkrankungen. Methode: Multi-site randomisierte, kontrollierte Studie mit 132 Teilnehmern, von welchen 108 (SCBT = 53, RCBT = 55) den Revised Helping Alliance Questionnaire (HAQ-II) nach 4, 8 und 12 Wochen ausfüllten. Der Änderungsverlauf der Werte über die Zeit wurde zwischen den Gruppen verglichen. Ergebnisse: Der HAQ-II Wert nach 4 Wochen konnte, unabhängig vom der Behandlungsgruppe, einen Rückgang der depressiven Symptome über die Zeit vorhersagen (B = -0.06, SE = 0.02, p = 0.002, n = 108). Es gab einen marginal signifikanten Unterschied bei den HAQ-II Werten nach vier Wochen, zugunsten der RCBT (p = 0.076); allerdings zeigten gemischte Modelle eine signifikante Interaktion zwischen Gruppe und Zeit, welche eher für die SCBT sprach (B = 1.84, SE = 0.90, Freiheitsgrade = 181, t = 2.04, p = 0.043, d = 0.30). Schlussfolgerung: Während die RCBT im Vergleich zur SCBT eine marginal signifikante Verbesserung der Therapiebeziehung zu Beginn aufweist, holt die SCBT schnell auf.

Background: I trattamenti che integrano le credenze religiose dei pazienti nell'ambito della terapia possono incrementare l'alleanza terapeutica (TA) nei pazienti credenti. Obiettivo: confrontare gli effetti della terapia cognitivo-comportamentale integrata religiosamente (RCBT) e la CBT standard (SCBT) sulla TA in adulti con depressione maggiore e malattia medica cronica. Metodo: Studio randomizzato controllato multi-site con 132 partecipanti, dei quali 108 (SCBT = 53, RCBT = 55) hanno completato la Revised Helping Alliance Questionnaire (HAQ-II) a 4, 8 e 12 settimane. L'andamento del cambiamento nei punteggi nel corso del tempo è stata confrontata tra gruppi. Risultati: il punteggio ottenuto al HAQ-II a 4 settimane prevedeva un calo dei sintomi depressivi nel tempo indipendentemente dal gruppo di trattamento (B = -0.06, SE = 0,02, p = 0,002, n = 108). C'era una differenza marginalmente significativa nei punteggi HAQ-II a 4 settimane a favore della RCBT (p = 0,076); tuttavia, il modello a effetti misti ha mostrato un gruppo significativo per interazione nel tempo che ha favorito il gruppo SCBT (B = 1.84, SE = 0,90, gradi di libertà = 181, t = 2.04, p = 0.043, d = 0,30). Conclusioni: Mentre RCBT produce un miglioramento leggermente maggiore nella TA rispetto alla SCBT in fase iniziale, SCBT la raggiunge presto.

Enquadramento: Os tratamentos que integram as crenças religiosas dos clientes na terapia podem potenciar a aliança terapêutica (AT) de clientes religiosos. Objetivo: Comparar os efeitos da terapia cognitivo-comportamental religiosamente integrada (TCCR) com a TCC padrão (TCCP) na AT de adultos com depressão major e doença médica crónica. Método: Estudo multi-nível aleatoriamente controlado de 132 participantes, dos quais 108 (TCCP = 53, TCCR = 55) completaram o Questionário Revisto da Aliança Terapêutica (QAT-II) à semana 4, 8 e 12. A trajetória de mudança das pontuações ao longo do tempo foi comparada entre grupos. Resultados: A pontuação do QAT-II à semana 4 predisse um declínio nos sintomas depressivos ao longo do tempo independentemente do grupo de tratamento (B = -0,06, SE = 0,02, p = 0,002, n = 108). Houve diferenças marginalmente significativas nas pontuações do QAT-II à semana 4 que favoreceram a TCCR (p = 0,076); contudo, o modelo de efeitos misto indicou um grupo significativo por tempo de interação que favoreceu o grupo da TCCP (B = 1,84, SE = 0,90, graus de liberdade = 181, t = 2,04, p = 0,043, d = 0,30). Conclusões: Apesar de inicialmente a TCCR produzir uma melhoria marginalmente superior na AT quando comparada com a TCCP, a TCCP rapidamente a atinge.

背景:融合個案的宗教信仰在治療處遇中,可能強化與個案的治療同盟(TA)。目標:針對重度憂鬱症和慢性疾病之成人,比較「融合宗教性認知行為治療(RCBT)」與「標準化認知治療(SCBT)」在治療同盟上的效果。方法:針對132位病患進行多點隨機對照試驗,其中108人(標準化認知治療=53人,宗教性認知行為治療=55人)分別在治療的第4週、第8週,以及第12週完成「助人性同盟問卷修訂版(HAQ-II)」,比較兩組隨著時間在分數上的變化軌跡。結果:不管是哪一組,在第4週的「助人性同盟修訂問卷修訂版」分數均能預測憂鬱症狀的緩解(迴歸係數= −0.06, 標準差= 0.02, p值= 0.002, 個數= 108),第4週的分數中,宗教性認知行為的治療分數些微高於標準化認知治療(p值= 0.076);然而,混合效應模式則指出經過時間與組別的交互作用,標準化認知治療的效果較佳(迴歸係數= 1.84, 標準差=0.90,自由度=181,t值=2.04,p值= 0.043,d值= 0.30)。結論:雖然宗教性認知行為治療在初期的治療同盟有些微較佳的改善效果,但是標準化認知治療則是後來居上。

Additional information

Funding

The study sponsor (John Templeton Foundation, ID 21399) had no role in the study design, collection or analysis of data, the interpretation of data, or in the writing of this report.

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