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Abstract
One of important issues for sustainable utilization of nuclear energy is the management of high-level radioactive wastes (HLW). To reduce the burden for disposal of HLW, the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has been conducting research and development (R&D) on nuclear transmutation technology for long-lived nuclides such as minor actinides (MA) and long-lived fission products (LLFP). Two candidate systems are being explored for the nuclear transmutation: an accelerator-driven subcritical system (ADS) and a critical fast breeder reactor (FBR). The ADS has remarkable advantages for effective transmutation of MA in comparison with critical reactors from viewpoints of safety margin and flexibility to accept various fuel compositions [1].