Predictors of High Level of Hostility Among Homeless Men on Parole

Abstract

High levels of hostility present a formidable challenge among homeless ex-offenders. This cross-sectional study assessed correlates of high levels of hostility using baseline data collected on recently-released male parolees (n =472; age 18 – 60) participating in a randomized trial focused on prevention of illicit drug use and recidivism. Predictors of high levels of hostility included greater depressive symptomatology, lower self-esteem, having a mother who was treated for alcohol/drugs, belonging to a gang, more tangible support, having used methamphetamine and having a history of cognitive difficulties. These findings highlight the need to understand predictors of hostility among recently released homeless men and how these predictors may relate to recidivism. Research implications are discussed, as these findings will shape future nurse-led harm reduction and community-based interventions.

KEYWORDS:

• exoffender
• forensic nursing
• homeless
• hostility
• reentry
• substance use

Notes

^a Includes Mexican Americans, Mexican nationals and other Latinos.

^b Convicted for crime by self-report.

^c Includes orphanages, group-care facilities, juvenile halls, and residential treatment facilities.

^d Self-report.

^e Based on CAGE score of 2 or more.

^f In 6 months prior to last incarceration.

^a Chi-square test for association with high versus lower level of hostility.

^b Convicted for crime by self-report.

^c Includes orphanages, group care facilities, juvenile hall and residential treatment facilities.

^d Self-report.

^e Based on CAGE score of 2 or more.

^f In 6 months prior to last incarceration.

^a Based on two-sample t-test or Wilcoxon test.

^a All coping subscales dichotomized at their medians.