Use and perceptions of menthol versus non-menthol cigarettes among pregnant women

Abstract

Background

Menthol cigarette use among women who smoke cigarettes during pregnancy is high, but little is known about the factors that contribute to preference for menthol cigarette use during pregnancy.

Objective

This study investigated preferences, perceptions, and intentions to use menthol vs. non-menthol cigarettes in a sample of pregnant women.

Methods

Pregnant women (N = 124, M_age = 26.2 years, 50% minorities) completed a study investigating the impact of maternal smoking on biobehavioral markers of fetal risk. During the third trimester, participants self-reported preferences (liking, attractiveness, smoothness, interest), perceptions of harm (general, pregnancy-specific), and intentions to use menthol and non-menthol cigarettes. We examined differences in responses based on whether participants endorsed (1) cigarette use during pregnancy (yes/no) and (2) lifetime cigarette use (yes/no).

Results

Sixty-two participants endorsed cigarette smoking during pregnancy (85.5% smoked menthol cigarettes), and 94 participants reported lifetime use. Overall, menthol cigarettes were perceived as more likeable and smoother vs. non-menthol (ps < .001) – even among participants who never smoked cigarettes (ps < .05). All participants rated both menthol and non-menthol cigarette use as harmful. Compared to participants who did not smoke during pregnancy, participants who smoked during pregnancy rated menthol cigarettes as less harmful for pregnant women (p = .001), while there were no differences between groups in harm perceptions toward non-menthol cigarettes.

Conclusions

Menthol may increase cigarettes appeal for pregnant women. Implications for regulation of menthol cigarettes are discussed. Future studies may investigate the role of sensory perception, marketing, and health education in influencing these factors.

Keywords:

• Smoking
• cigarettes
• menthol
• pregnancy
• perceptions

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the pregnant women who contributed to this study. We also thank the Maternal-Infant Studies Laboratory staff for their assistance with data collection.

Additional information

Funding

Funding for this study and manuscript preparation was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Center for Tobacco Products (CTP) of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under grant 5R01DA036999 and 5R01DA036999-02S2 to LRS. NCJ was supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) T32HL076134, NAS was supported by National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) T3211007459, and CVL was supported by NIDA K08DA045935. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of NIH or FDA.