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ABSTRACT
This paper describes the design of stock-anchors during the Age of Exploration (from the 15th into the 17th centuries AD), which is the primary design employed by European ships. Statistical analysis of published global finds is synthesised in conjunction with contemporary dating textual details. This study demonstrates that, while the iron-frame and wooden stock designs are comparable superficially, there are recognisable diachronic and geographical variations and features. Following a Classical Mediterranean foundation, its secondary roots can be isolated particularly to 1st millennium AD Northern Europe.
RESUMEN
Este artículo describe el diseño de las anclas de cepo durante la Época de Exploración (desde el siglo XV hasta el XVII AD). Este es el diseño primario empleado por las embarcaciones europeas. Se sintetiza el análisis estadístico de los hallazgos globales publicados en conjunción con los detalles textuales de datación. Este estudio demuestra que, aunque las anclas con marco de hierro y cepo de madera son comparables superficialmente, existen variaciones diacrónicas y geográficas reconocibles. Acorde con las bases clásicas mediterráneas, las raíces secundarias pueden aislarse primordialmente del primer milenio AD en el norte de Europa.
摘要
本文介绍了大航海时代（公元 15 世纪至 17 世纪）的锚杆设计，这是欧洲船舶采用的基本设计。综合全球已发表的发现与当代日期明确的文本细节所做的统计分析，此项研究表明铁架和木杆设计在表面上具有可比性，但存在明显的历时性和地域性的差异与特征。在古典地中海设计的基础上，其次生分支主要分化在公元一千年的北欧。
摘要
本文介紹了大航海時代（公元 15 世紀至 17 世紀）的錨桿設計，這是歐洲船舶采用之基本設計。綜合全球已發表的發現與當代日期明確的文本細節所做的統計分析，此項研究表明鐵架和木桿設計在表面上具有可比性，但存在明顯的歷時性和地域性的差異與特征。在古典地中海設計的基礎上，其次生分支主要分化在公元一千年的北歐。
المُستخلص
المَراسDisclosure Statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Notes
1 Estimate of the original weight of the frame (ca. 420 kg) would rather match closely to 9 quintals (conversion Cardarelli, Citation2003, table 3-105). That the weight likely refers only to the frame is because the lines also run some distance down the head-square which, examining other frames preserved with their stocks, would certainly have been covered and hidden by the stock (cf. Light, Citation1990, n. 4). It might be added, however, that this area is incompletely preserved, and the markings may have continued beyond what is visible during inspection. In such case, the marking could represent 11 or 12 quintals which, if the stock’s weight were included, would corroborate with other evidence. As mentioned above, the stock’s weight was regularly incorporated in the anchor’s weight as a whole.