Firing Temperature Effects on Phase Formation, Microstructure and Electrical Properties of BNKLT-Sm Ceramics

Abstract

Lead-free Bi_0.5(Na_0.68K_0.22Li_0.10)_0.5TiO₃ + 0.003 mol Sm₂O₃ (BNKLT-Sm) ceramics were synthesized via the solid-state combustion technique with calcination temperatures between 750 and 850 °C and sintering temperatures between 1025 and 1100 °C for 2 h. The results showed that increasing the calcination temperature caused the percentage of perovskite phase and the particle size of the BNKLT-Sm powders increased. The BNKLT-Sm powder calcined at 800 °C displayed a pure perovskite structure without any impurity phases. The influence of the sintering temperature on the phase formation, microstructure and electrical properties of the ceramics was then investigated. All samples sintered at different temperatures possessed coexisting rhombohedral (R) and tetragonal (T) phases and the R phase became dominant when the sintering temperature increased. The microstructure of all ceramics showed a rectangular shape and anisotropic growth. The average grain size increased with increasing sintering temperature. Dielectric and ferroelectric behavior displayed relaxor characteristics in all samples. The maximum dielectric constant at T_m (ε_m) of 4777 and the highest remnant polarization (P_r) of 5.03 µC/cm² were obtained by the densest ceramics (5.85 g/cm³), which was sintered at 1075 °C for 2 h.

Keywords:

• BNKLT-Sm
• solid-state combustion
• dielectric
• ferroelectric

Acknowledgments

Thanks are also given to Asst. Prof. Dr. Kyle V. Lopin for his help in editing the manuscript.

Additional information

Funding

This work was financially supported by Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University and The National Science, Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF) via Grant No. R2564B001.