Surface Anchoring Effect on LC-covered Planar Lightwave Modulator

Xiang Tongl Li Division of Electronic and Information Engineering, Graduate School of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-0012, Japan

Bao Xue Chen Research and Development Department, NHK Spring Co. Ltd., Japan

Shunsuke Kobayashi Science University of Tokyo in Yamaguchi, Onoda, Yamaguchi, 756-0884, Japan

Yasufumi Iimura Division of Electronic and Information Engineering, Graduate School of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-0012, Japan

Abstract

Liquid crystal (LC) waveguide claddings with different boundary couplings have been electrically switched. It is observed that the cut-off voltage of guided modes significantly decreases with decreasing the azimuthal surface anchoring energy of the LCs. An LC-covered planar lightwave modulator with low driving voltage of 12 volts is demonstrated by controlling the surface azimuthal anchoring energy of LC claddings using photoalignment technique.

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Surface Anchoring Effect on LC-covered Planar Lightwave Modulator

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