Surface Anchoring Effect on LC-Covered Planar Lightwave Modulator

Xiangtong Li Division of Electronic and Information Engineering, Graduate School of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, 184, Japan

Baoxue Chen Research and Development Department, NHK Spring Co. Ltd., Japan

Shunsuke Kobayashi Science University of Tokyo in Yamaguchi, Onoda, Yamaguchi, 756, Japan

Yasufumi Iimura Division of Electronic and Information Engineering, Graduate School of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, 184, Japan

Abstract

Liquid crystal (LC) waveguide claddings with different boundary couplings have been electrically switched. It is observed that the cut-off voltage of guided modes significantly decreases with decreasing the azimuthal surface anchoring energy of the LCs. An LC-covered planar lightwave modulator with low driving voltage of 12 volts is demonstrated by controlling the surface azimuthal anchoring energy of LC claddings.

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Surface Anchoring Effect on LC-Covered Planar Lightwave Modulator

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