Recent advances in flame retardant polymers via thiol-ene click chemistry

Abstract

Within the toolbox of click chemistry, the utilization of thiol-ene reactions for polymer synthesis and modification is a current area of intense attention. Thiol-ene click reactions are used for a broad range of applications. One main area that needs particular attention, where thiol-ene click reactions are immensely employed, is the fabrication of coatings. Especially, when light is used to trigger the thiol-ene reactions, coatings can be prepared within seconds. This method is known as thiol-ene photopolymerization (TEP) and it is a marvelous advancement among light-induced crosslinking systems. TEP is a powerful tool for the preparation of coatings. The synthesis of phosphorous monomers for TEP has prominent importance for improved thermal properties and flame retardancy. Here, the existing literature on flame retardant TEP systems and reactive phosphorous monomers used in TEP are summarized. This review mainly highlights the studies on thermosets yet some linear polymer examples are also included. While this mini-review focuses mostly on TEP, relevant works involving other thiol-ene polymerization routes (i.e. thermal thiol-ene polymerization) rather than photopolymerization are presented. Finally, studies that utilize thiol-ene click reactions to synthesize phosphorous monomers and flame retardants are also given.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Thiol-ene click
• thiol-ene photopolymerization
• flame retardant
• phosphorus
• nitrogen

Acknowledgments

This paper is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Atilla GÜNGÖR. The author would like to thank all colleagues and group members who have contributed over the years.

Disclosure Statement

The author declares no conflict of interest.

Correction Statement

This article has been republished with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Emrah Çakmakçı

Dr. Emrah ÇAKMAKÇI is currently a professor in the Department of Chemistry at Marmara University in Istanbul, Turkey. His main research focuses on photocurable materials, flame retardants, polyurethanes, polyimides, nanomaterials, nanocomposites, Green Chemistry, and bio-based polymers. He has published over 60 research articles in peer reviewed (SCI) journals.