Breaking Away from Revolution

Abstract

Post-Soviet society again faces certain problems associated with modernization that confronted the Russian Empire in the years before its collapse. An analysis of the choices made in the early twentieth century by P.A. Stolypin reveals alternatives and pitfalls of potential use to contemporary policy makers.

This article is the republished version of:

Breaking Away from Revolution

Notes

English translation © 2014, 2015, from the Russian text © 2012 by the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Editorial Board of Rossiiskaia istoriia, and the author. “Kak vyiti iz revoliutsii: strategiia preodoleniia sotsial'nogo krizisa v obshchestvakh perekhodnogo tipa,” Rossiiskaia istoriia, 2012, no. 2, pp. 3–18. Andrei Nikolaevich Medushevskii, Doctor of History, is editor in chief of Rossiiskaia istoriia. Translated by Liv Bliss. Translation reprinted from Russian Studies in History, vol. 53, no. 2. doi: 10.2753/RSH1061-1983530201

^1. “K 150-letiiu Velikoi reformy,” Rossiiskaia istoriia, 2011, no. 1.

^2.P.A. Stolypin: Programma reform. dokumenty i materialy, vols. 1–2 (Moscow, 2002–3).

^3. P.A. Stolypin, dumskie rechi (Moscow, 1990); Stolypin, nam nuzhna Velikaia Rossiia: Polnoe sobranie rechei v Gosudarstvennoi dume i Gosudarstvennom sovete, 1906–1911 (Moscow, 1991).

^4. P.A. Stolypin, Perepiska (Moscow, 2004), pp. 168–69.

^5. Ibid., pp. 171, 177.

^6. Ibid., p. 175.

^7. Abraham H. Maslow, Motivation and Personality (New York: Harper and Row, 1970).

^8. S.Iu. Witte, Zapiska po krest'ianskomu delu (St. Petersburg, 1905).

^9. A.N. Medushevskii, Proekty agrarnykh reform v Rossii XViii–nachala XXiv. (Moscow, 2005).

^10.P.A. Stolypin. Grani talanta politika (Moscow, 2006), p. 172.

^11. Stolypin, Perepiska, p. 158.

^12.P.A. Stolypin glazami sovremennikov (Moscow, 2008), p. 26.

^13. E. Teri [Edmond Théry], Ekonomicheskoe preobrazovanie Rossii (Moscow, 2008), p. 26 [originally published in 1914 as la transformation économique de la Russie—Trans.].

^14. Stolypin, Perepiska, pp. 61–62.

^15. Jean Meyer, la Revolución mexicana (Mexico: Tusquets Editores, 2009), pp. 261–89.

^16. Kenneth W. Dam, the law–Growth nexus: the Rule of law and Economic development (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2006).

^17. For a comparative review of the research, see Carol S. Leonard, Agrarian Reform in Russia: the Road from Serfdom (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011).

^18. Stolypin, Perepiska, p. 605.

^19.Stolypin. Grani talanta politika, pp. 69–70.

^20. Ibid., p. 70.

^21. Stolypin, Perepiska, p. 29.

^22.Stolypin. Grani talanta politika, p. 247.

^23. P.A. Stolypin, Mysli o Rossii (Moscow, 2006), p. 47.

^24. Stolypin, Perepiska, p. 599.

^25.Stolypin. Grani talanta politika, p. 355.

^26. Stolypin, Perepiska, pp. 221–22.

^27. Ibid., p. 270.

^28.Stolypin. Grani talanta politika, pp. 328–29.

^29. Ibid., p. 347.

^30. Stolypin, Perepiska, p. 102.

^31. Ibid., p. 84.

^32. Stolypin, Mysli o Rossii, pp. 64–65; Stolypin, Perepiska, pp. 212–13.

^33.Stolypin glazami sovremennikov, p. 24.

^34.Stolypin. Grani talanta politika, pp. 291–309.

^35. Stolypin, Perepiska, p. 21.

^36.Stolypin. Grani talanta politika, pp. 68–74.

^37.P.A. Stolypin. Biokhronika (Moscow, 2006), pp. 139, 143.

^38. N.S. Tagantsev, ugolovnoe ulozhenie 22 marta 1903 g. (St. Petersburg, 1904), pp. 216–46.

^39. A.N. Medushevskii, “Ugolovnoe ulozhenie i sudebnaia praktika po politicheskim delam v Rossii nachala XX v.,” in Gosudarstvo i natsiia v Rossii i tsentral'no- Vostochnoi Evrope (Budapest, 2009), pp. 219–32.

^40. Ibid., pp. 198–99.

^41. Stolypin, Perepiska, pp. 159–63.

^42. Ibid., p. 19.

^43. Stolypin, Mysli o Rossii, p. 99. 44.

^44. Ibid. pp. 52–53.

^45. Stolypin, Perepiska, p. 202.

^46.Stolypin. Grani talanta politika, p. 95.

^47.Stolypin. Biokhronika, pp. 153–54.

^48. Ibid., p. 146.

^49. Stolypin, Perepiska, p. 193.

^50. Ibid., p. 202.

^51.Protiv smertnoi kazni (Moscow, 1906); o smertnoi kazni. Mneniia russkikh kriminalistov (Moscow, 1909).

^52. Stolypin, Perepiska, p. 20.

^53. Stolypin, Mysli o Rossii, p. 100.

^54.Stolypin. Biokhronika, p. 300.

^55. Ibid., p. 123.

^56.Stolypin. Grani talanta politika, p. 355.

^57. Stolypin, Perepiska, p. 67.

^58.Stolypin. Biokhronika, p. 297.

^59. Ibid., p. 130.

^60. Ibid., p. 186.

^61.Stolypin. Grani talanta politika, p. 343.

^62. Stolypin, Perepiska, p. 649.

^63. Stolypin, Mysli o Rossii, p. 46.

^64. Stolypin, Perepiska, p. 119.

^65.Stolypin. Grani talanta politika, p. 464.

^66. See taina ubiistva Stolypina (Moscow, 2003).

^67. Stolypin, Perepiska, p. 175.

^68. Ibid., p. 119.

^69.Stolypin. Grani talanta politika, p. 340.

^70. Stolypin, Mysli o Rossii, p. 124.

^71.Stolypin. Grani talanta politika, pp. 491–2.

^72. Ibid., p. 83. See also Stolypin, Mysli o Rossii, p. 85.

^73. Stolypin, Perepiska, p. 675.

^74. Ibid., p. 31.

^75. Ibid., pp. 425–26.

^76. P.A. Pozhigailo, Stolypinskaia programma preobrazovaniia Rossii (1906–1911) (Moscow, 2007), pp. 232–33.

^77. See Agrarnyi vopros v pogrammakh politicheskikh partii Rossii: dokumenty i materialy. Posledniaia tret’ XiX v.–oktiabr’ 1917 g. (Moscow, 2000).

^78. Stolypin, Mysli o Rossii, pp. 73–79.

^79.Stolypin glazami sovremennikov, p. 24.

^80. Stolypin, Perepiska, pp. 425–26.

^81.Stolypin. Grani talanta politika, pp. 469, 491.

^82.Zakonodatel'stvo dumskikh fraktsii 1906–1917 gg. dokumenty i materially (Moscow, 2006), p. 4.

^83. Stolypin, Perepiska, p. 369.

^84. K.I. Mogilevskii, Stolypinskie reformy i mestnaia elita. Sovet po delam mest-nogo khoziaistva (1908–1910) (Moscow, 2008), pp. 285–86.

^85. Stolypin, Perepiska, p. 279.

^86.Stolypin glazami sovremennikov, p. 95.

^87. L.N. Iurovskii, Portrety (S.iu. Vitte, V.n. Kokovtsov, P.A. Stolypin) (Moscow, 2011), p. 62.

^88. Stolypin, Mysli o Rossii, pp. 101–2.

^89. V.P. Danilov, “Sud'by sel'skogo khoziaistva v Rossii (1861–2001),” in Krest'ianovedenie. teoriia. istoriia. Sovremennost’. uchenye zapiski. 2005, pt. 5 (Moscow, 2006), p. 25.

^90. N.L. Rogalina, Vlast’ i agrarnye reformy v Rossii XX veka (Moscow, 2010), pp. 212–15.

^91. See. A.N. Medushevskii, Razmyshleniia o sovremennom rossiiskom konstitutsionalizme (Moscow, 2007).

^* The Glorious Revolution in England ousted King James II in 1688 without bloodshed. The color revolutions include the Orange Revolution in Ukraine, the Rose Revolution in Georgia, and similar incidents of popular unrest throughout the former Soviet bloc.—Trans.

^92. “Analiticheskaia istoriia: Zhurnal i prioritetnye napravleniia ego razvitiia,” otechestvennaia istoriia, 2008, no. 5.