The Civilizational Measure “Krymnash” [“Crimea Is Ours”]

Abstract

The article discusses the notion of “Russian Civilization,” and the ways in which it has been challenged in the last two centuries. Central to the discussion is the question of the extent to which there is a shared Slavic set of cultural beliefs, and the degree to which Russian/Slavic civilization is prepared to move from a state-centered to an individual-centered set of values.

Keywords:

• Belarus
• cultural change
• Russian civilization
• Slavic values

This article is the republished version of:

The Civilizational Measure “Krymnash” [“Crimea Is Ours”]

Notes

1. L. Gudkov, “Ressentimentnyi natsionalizm,” Vestnik obshchestvennogo mnenia, 2014, nos. 3–4 (118), p. 165.

2. Civilization in this instance means the strategy for human existence that dominates a considerable geographic area and defines the entire structure of life. I.G. Yakovenko, Rossiiskoe gosudarstvo: natsional’nye interesy, granitsy, perspektivy (Moscow: Novyi khronograf, 2008), p. 31.

3. A.J. Toynbee, Civilization on Trial (Moscow: Iris Press, 2002), p. 227.

4. S. Huntington, Clash of Civilizations (Moscow: AST, Midguard, 2006), p. 103.

5. I.V. Kondakov, K.B. Sokolov, and N.A. Khrenov, Tsivilizatsionnaia identichnost’ v perekhodnuiu epokhu (Moscow: Progress-Traditsiia, 2011), p. 406.

6. I.G. Yakovenko, Poznanie Rossii: tsivilizatsionnyi analiz, 2nd rev. and exp. ed. (Moscow: Russian Political Encyclopedia [ROSSPEN], 2012), pp. 31–37.

7. Yuri Pivovarov and Andrei Fursov, “Russkaia Sistema i reformy” (available at www.club2015.ru/index.asp7NewslDr%7B30280379-3BCE-4FDA-AAB8-CAE4C46EA527%7D&FolderlO =%7BB38B3912-95C9-4C73- A66E-BEC14F32773C%7D). All URLs were accessed on May 14, 2015.

8. Yuri Pivovarov, “Uroki Fevralia,” www.polit.ru, February 24, 2012 (available at http://polit.ru/article/2012/02/24/february/).

9. The author shares the understanding of culture as a supraindividual mechanism of coercion, which implies recognition of it (culture) as an agent. See Andrei Pelipenko, “Dvoinaia sub”ektivnost’ kultury” (available at http://apelipenko.ru/).

10. A. Lukashenko “We Did Not Invent a State Ideology That Would Burden the Soul,” http:/naviny.by, October 17, 2014 (available at http://naviny.by/rubrics/politic/2014/10/17/ic_news_!12_447175/prin).

11. Emil Pain, “Culture Has Meaning: Facts, Evaluations, Forecasts,” www.liberal.ru, Liberal Mission Foundation, April 8, 2015 (available at www.liberal.ru/articles/6747/).

12. “WIN/Gallup International’s Annual Global End of Year Survey Shows That Happiness Is on the Rise,” www.wingia.com, Market Research Institute, December 30, 2014 (available at www.wingia.com/web/files/ richeditor/filemanager/EOY_release_2014_-_FINAL.pdf).

13. Novaia gazeta, January 15–17, 1994.

14. Message to the Belarusian People and National Assembly, president.gov.by, official web portal of the president of the Republic of Belarus, April 29, 2015 (available at http://president.gov. by/ru/news_ru/view/obraschenie-s-poslaniem-k-belorusskomu-narodu-i- natsionalnomu-sobraniju-11301).

15. Yuri Levada. “Homo sovieticus,” public lectures at Polit.ru (available at http://polit.rU/article/2004/04/15/levada/).

16. Mikhail Delyagin, “To Restore Equity, Putin Will Have to Destroy the Ruling Class,” http://ruskine.ru, Russkaia narodnaia liniia (available at http://ruskine.ru/news_rl/2011/09/23/mihail-delyagin_chtoby_vosstanovit_spravedlivost_putinu_pridetsya_unichtozhit_pravawij_klass/).

17. Pivovarov and Fursov, “Russkaia Sistema i reformy.”

18. Press conference of the president of Belarus, A. G. Lukashenko, with reporters from Russian regional media, October 17, 2014 (available at http://president.gov.by/ru/news_ ru/view/press-konferentsija-prezidenta-respubliki-belarus-aglukashenko-zhurnalistam-rossijskix-regionalnyx-sredstv-10025/).

19. “Aleksandr Lukashenko Addressed the Belarusian People and the National Assembly,” April 19, 2013 (available at http://president.gov.by/ru/news_ru/view/aleksandr-lukashenko-obratilsja-s-poslaniem-k-belorusskomu-narodu-i-natsionalnomu-sobraniju-5309/).

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21. Aleksandr Auzan, “Economic Problems of Russian Politics” (available at www://echo.msk.ru/programs/year2015/1527561-echo/).

22. Ilya Zhegulev, “Why the Strengthening of the Ruble and Sanctions Are in Fact Meaningless: Interview with Andrei Movchan,” May 6, 2015 (available at https://meduza.io/feature/2015/05/06/plokhaya-ekonomika-revoliutsiy-ne-vyzyvaet).

23. O. Grigoriev, Epokha rosta: lektsii po neekonomike (Moscow: Kariera Press, 2014), p. 2.

24. Sergei Glazyev, “Escaping Rebellion, Part V,” VPK (Voenno-promyshlennyi kur’ier), February 11, 2015 (available at http://vpk-news.ru/articles/23787).

25. Levada, “Homo sovieticus.”

26. Aleksandr Auzan, “The State Cares About the Commonweal,” Public Lectures at the analytical site slon.ru (available at http://slon.ru/specials/economy-faculty/lections/110/).

27. D. North, J. Wallis, and B. Weingast, Violence and Social Orders (Moscow: Gaidar Institute Press, 2011), p. 55.

28. A.A. Pilipenko, Global’nyi krizis i sud’by Zapada (Moscow: Znanie, 2014), p. 34.

29. “Listing the most significant features of a person (as a sociocultural type), one can identify his maximum autonomy, self-sufficiency, and continuous orientation to making a choice. A person not only chooses for himself, but is also not inclined to entrust choice to anyone else. Or to delegate this right to outside institutions. A person may therefore be to a minimum degree a target of social manipulation and ideological indoctrination.” A.A. Pilipenko and I.G. Yakovenko, Kul’tura kak Sistema (Moscow: Iazyki russkoi kul’tury, 1998), p. 248.

30. Levada. “Homo sovieticus.”

31. Toynbee, Civilization on Trial, p. 228.

32. See www.wipo.int/ipstats/ru/.

33. Ivan Krastev, “On the Politics of Protest in the Age of Globalization: Withdrawal, Noise and Disloyalty,” www.polit.ru, May 6, 2015 (available at http://polit.ru/ article/2015/05/06/krastev/).

34. See www.park.by/?lng=ru.

35. “Rosstat Reported a Record Wave of Emigration,” Independent news TV channel, November 1, 2014 (available at http://rn.tvrain.ru/news/rosstat_zafiksiroval_rekordnuju_volnu_emigratsii-377500/.

36. Igor Yakovenko, “Culture Has Meaning: Facts, Evaluations, Forecasts,” www.liberal.ru, Liberal Mission Foundation, April 8, 2015 (available at www.liberal.ru/articles/6747).

37. Levada, “Homo sovieticus.”