Synthesis and characterization of RGD-fatty acid amphiphilic micelles as targeted delivery carriers for anticancer agents

Abstract

Novel amphiphilic conjugates consisting of an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide binding motif and aliphatic fatty acids of varying chain length (C₁₀–C₁₈) were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to form micelles and bind specifically to α_Vβ₃ integrin over-expressing tumor cells. The aphilphiles were characterized by IR, proton NMR and mass spectrometry. The size and zeta potential of the resultant micelles were ranged from 178 to 450 nm and − 13.5 to 39.6 mV, respectively. The critical micellar concentration (CMC), drug loading efficiency and tumor cell binding of these amphiphiles were determined. The CMC values, determined by pyrene fluorescent probe method, ranged from 0.02 to 0.12 mM for C₁₄-RGD, C₁₆-RGD and C₁₈-RGD. The C₁₈-RGD micelles with lowest CMC were found to increase the solubility of taxol, a model anticancer drug, by 87%. C₁₈-RGD amphiphiles also exhibited significantly higher (12.1 ± 1.14%, P < 0.05) binding to α_Vβ₃ integrin over-expressing human breast cancer cells (HTB-129) when compared to normal human epidermal keratinocyte (NHEK) cells (6.68 ± 0.34). The results from this study demonstrated the feasibility of designing RGD-fatty acid amphiphiles as micellar drug delivery carriers to target to cancer cells.

Keywords: :

• RGD motif
• targeted cancer cells
• critical micellar concentrations
• HLB
• binding affinity