Premonitions of a Korean War: Will Russia Be a Peacemaker or a Party to the Conflict?

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Notes

1. M. Gusman, “Posol RF v KNDR: oshchushchenie nadvigaiushcheisia katastrofy eshche nikogda ne bylo takim otchetlivym [Interv’iu s A. Matsegoroi],” TASS, October 10, 2017, available at http://tass.ru/opinions/interviews/4648584 (accessed 12/5/2017).

2. For more about economic interactions between Russia and the DPRK, see A. Lukina and L. Zakharova, Russia–North Korean Economic Ties: Is There More Than Meets the Eye? Foreign Policy Research Institute, October 6, 2017, available at https://www.fpri.org/article/2017/10/russia-north-korea-economic-ties-meets-eye/(accessed 12/5/2017).

3. V. Cha, The Impossible State: North Korea, Past and Future (New York: Harper Collins, 2012), p. 347.

4. “Plenarnoe zasedanie Vostochnogo ekonomicheskogo foruma,” Preszident Rossii, September 7, 2017, available at http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/55552 (accessed 12/5/2017).

5. “Trump slams Russia for hindering US efforts on North Korea,” Fox News, October 25, 2017, available at http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/10/25/trump-slams-russia-for-hindering-us-efforts-on-north-korea.html (accessed 12/5/2017).

6. R. Pinnington, “Putin knew about North Korea’s nukes in early 2000’s,” Sunday Express, October 4, 2017, available at http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/862339/vladimir-putin-knew-north-korea-nuclear-missiles (accessed 12/5/2017).

7. D. Sanger, C. Sang-hun, and M. Rich, “North Korea Rouses Neighbors to Reconsider Nuclear Weapons,” New York Times, October 28, 2017, available at https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/28/world/asia/north-korea-nuclear-weapons-japan-south-korea.html (accessed 12/5/2017).

8. M. Sitnivkov, “Mozhet byt’ vtoraia Khirosima ili dazhe neskol’ko Khirosim,” FederalPress, August 15, 2017, available at http://fedpress.ru/article/1838440 (accessed 12/5/2017).

9. J. Rogin, “Inside Russia’s growing role in the North Korean nuclear crisis,” The Washington Post, September 6, 2017, available at https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/josh-rogin/wp/2017/09/06/inside-russias-growing-role-in-the-north-korean-nuclear-crisis/?utm_term=.4459879decdf (accessed 12/5/2017).

10. G. Rozman, “Giving a New Jolt to Strategic Triangle Analysis.” The Asan Forum, August 30, 2017, available at http://www.theasanforum.org/giving-a-new-jolt-to-strategic-triangle-analysis/(accessed 12/5/2017).

11. A. Gabuev, A Russian perspective on the impact of sanctions, Korea Economic Institute of America, August 2017, available at http://www.keia.org/publication/russian-perspective-impact-sanctions (accessed 12/5/2017).

12. S. Kim, “The North Korean Threat: Nuclear, Missiles and Cyber. Testimony Before the House Foreign Affairs Committee,” State Department Representative for North Korea Policy, Washington, DC, January 13, 2015 (available at https://2009-2017.state.gov/p/eap/rls/rm/2015/01/235888.htm (accessed 12/5/2017).

13. See, for example, J. Warrick, “How Russia quietly undercuts sanctions intended to stop North Korea’s nuclear program,” The Washington Post, September 11, 2017, available at https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/how-russia-quietly-undercuts-sanctions-intended-to-stop-north-koreas-nuclear-program/2017/09/11/f963867e-93e4-11e7-8754-d478688d23b4_story.html (accessed 12/5/2017).

14. J. Rogin, op cit.

15. K. Zhai and B. Scott, “Kim’s Nukes Are a ‘Recipe for Disaster,’ U.S. Admiral Says,” Bloomberg, October 17, 2017, available at https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-10-17/kim-s-nukes-are-a-recipe-for-disaster-u-s-admiral-says (accessed 12/5/2017).

16. L. Whitehurst, “Russia ambassador says Ukraine key to improved relations,” Associated Press, October 7, 2017, available at http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2017/oct/07/russia-ambassador-says-ukraine-key-to-improved-rel/(accessed 12/5/2017).

17. I. Kramnik, “Predely iadernogo sderzhivaniia,” Izvestiia, October 21, 2017, available at https://iz.ru/660255/ilia-kramnik/predely-iadernogo-sderzhivaniia (accessed 12/5/2017).

18. A. Dewan, “What US sanctions will do to Russia, Iran and North Korea,” CNN, August 4, 2017, available at http://edition.cnn.com/2017/08/04/politics/us-sanctions-russia-iran-north-korea/index.html (accessed 12/5/2017).

19. “Press-konferentsiia Vlaidmira Putina po itogam sammita BRIKS,” Prezident Rossii, September 5, 2017, available at http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/55535 (accessed 12/5/2017).

20. See, for example, F. Aum, “North Korea and the Need for a US–ROK–PRC Dialogue,” USIP, Washington, DC, 2017, available at https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/SR412-North-Korea-and-the-Need-for-United-States-Rrepublic-Of-Korea-Peoples-Republic-of-China-Dialogue.pdf (accessed 12/5/2017); R. Peters, “A New Approach to Eliminating North Korean Weapons of Mass Destruction Is Needed,” Johns Hopkins University, US–Korea Institute, June 2017, available at http://www.38north.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf/NKIP-Peters-WMDE-062017.pdf (accessed 12/5/2017).

21. Russian Embassy in the PRC, post on Facebook, July 27, 2017, available at https://www.facebook.com/RusEmbDPRK/photosZa.641249926048800.1073742004.279679745539155/641418179365308/?type=3&theater (accessed 12/5/2017).