Perceived social support in the social distancing era: the association between circles of potential support and COVID-19 reactive psychopathology

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives

Stressors related to the COVID-19 pandemic are risk factors for psychopathology, but psychosocial protective factors might play a crucial role in buffering the pathogenic effects of the outbreak.

Design

In the current study, we examined the association of inner resources and potential external sources of support for coping with the pandemic and related lockdowns to mental health during the pandemic, while controlling for sociodemographic variables as covariates.

Methods

We tested the model in a probability-based internet survey of a representative sample of the Israeli adult population (N = 812) conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

Perceived support in close relationships was negatively associated with the intensity of depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Larger rings of potential support such as perceived belongingness to a community and trust in government were also negatively related to anxiety and depression but were positively associated with the intensity of OCD and PTSD.

Conclusions

Findings support the “tend and befriend” theory in the social distancing era and highlight the importance of keeping personal relationships alive when facing a mass trauma.

KEYWORDS:

• COVID-19
• psychopathology
• coping resources
• social interactions
• tend and befriend

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr. Mano Geva for consulting regarding the survey.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Disclosure of interest

The authors report no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Ministry of Science and Technology, Israel: [Grant Number grant #¬¬¬¬3-16904].