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Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology Volume 39, 2009 - Issue 9
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Original Articles

Potential of Aquatic Macrophytes for Removing Contaminants from the Environment

Bhupinder Dhir Department of Environmental Biology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
,
P. Sharmila Department of Environmental Biology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
&
P. Pardha Saradhi Department of Environmental Biology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
Pages 754-781 | Published online: 04 Sep 2009
 
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Abstract

The role of both terrestrial and aquatic plants in phytoremediation of various contaminants is well established. Phytoremediation has been successfully implemented at different locations, including military sites, agricultural fields, industrial units, mine tailings, and sewage and municipal wastewater treatment plants, with efficient capacity for removing various organic and inorganic pollutants through processes such as extraction, degradation, or stabilization. Aquatic macrophytes represent a diverse group of plants with an immense potential for removal/degradation of variety of contaminants, including heavy metals, inorganic/organic pollutants, radioactive wastes, and explosives. The present review emphasizes the role of aquatic macrophytes in phytoremediation technologies with due importance to each group irrespective of being free-floating, submerged, or emergent. Realizing the exorbitant abilities of aquatic macrophytes, their suitability for wider use in phytoremediation technologies including constructed wetlands is emphasized.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The Research Associateship from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, to Bhupinder Dhir is gratefully acknowledged.

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