A perspective of solar energy and its applications

Abstract

A relatively comprehensive overview is presented of solar energy as a U.S. and worldwide resource and of solar technology as the means of implementing its usage broadly. The various direct and indirect forms of solar energy resources are described. To show the flexibility in the use of solar energy resources, the various technologies and applications are described for converting those resources to a wide range of useful power products to match requirements of potential users. As a consequence of the relatively small, modular collector field components or power units making up many solar system approaches, it is practical to combine an appropriate number of modular units to obtain either small (decentralized), medium, or large (centralized) power systems. Also, the effects of diurnal and weather interruptible characteristics are discussed relative to the design of power systems to meet user requirements. The general thesis of the overview is that many solar‐based (renewable) energy systems have already been shown to be technically feasible; some are already economically feasible and are in the early stages of commercialization. The latter systems include passive heating systems, domestic hot water systems relative to electric water heating, and biomass direct‐burning systems to produce electricity. Most of the solar technology approaches appear to be more desirable environmentally and socially than many conventional nonrenewable energy systems with their fuel cycle, availability, and pollution problems. A number of other solar technologies and applications appear to be moving steadily toward near‐term commercial availability as oil and gas prices continue their rapid rise. There are good reasons to be optimistic in projecting substantial U.S. solar energy impacts, perhaps up to about 15% of U.S. energy needs by the year 2000.

Notes

This document represents views and interpretations by the author and should not be considered to be reflecting policy or official positions of the U.S. Department of Energy.