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Abstract
Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) biofiltration is an increasingly popular research area because it offers a relatively cheap solution to limit emissions of these toxic agents to the atmosphere. The authors review different technological options for biofiltration, and discuss the main influencing factors including type of packing material, temperature, moisture content and pH of the biofilter packing, influent conditions, and nutrient status. Whenever relevant, these factors are discussed in the context of biofilter ecology, and microbiology of BTEX biofiltration is briefly outlined. The kinetics of BTEX biofiltration are discussed, and the main simulation models developed for this system are presented. Insights on biofiltration of other compounds are also included to complement the available information. The review concludes with a brief outline of some operational challenges.