A Critical Review on the End Uses of Recycled Water

Abstract

Recycled water provides a viable opportunity to supplement water supplies as well as alleviate environmental loads. The authors examine the sources of recycled water and discusses various end uses. They focus on reviewing the historical development and current status of recycled water on a global scale with containing the evolvement of wastewater treatment technologies, water quality guidelines, and public attitudes. The authors also illustrate typical case studies of recycled water in a number of countries and regions, including Australia, Asia, the United States, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. These pilot studies can be good examples for the future projects. They identify the good prospects of further expansion and exploration of current and new end uses while emphasizing the integrated water planning and management as well as challenging and tasks in the future.

KEY WORDS:

• case study
• end use
• treatment
• water quality
• water recycling and reuse

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This work was supported by Australian Research Council (ARC) Industry Linkage Grant (LP100100494).