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Abstract
The ability to predict the release and flow of contaminants from the waste source is a critical step in assessing the impact to the environment and designing bioremediation strategies. The contaminant mixtures in the subsurface are subject to simultaneous action of diverse chemical and microbiological processes. Many factors and variables are involved in the migration of contaminants in the subsurface. Some of these factors are the adsorptive capacity of the soil and adsorption of a particular contaminant or mixture of contaminants. The microbial transfer from sorption and adsorption of microorganisms can affect the migration of contaminants. The environmental conditions of the subsurface, such as the availability of oxygen, the pH, and the temperature also can affect migration rates. Predictions of solute transport, chemical identity, and form of constituents originating in the wastes must be made. This article reviews typical engineering considerations for in situ bioremediation focusing on contaminants such as halogenated hydrocarbons.