A Systems-Theory Analysis of the Relationship between Communication, Beliefs/Practices, Religiosity, Spirituality and Expected Future Religious Practices of College Students

Abstract

This study uses systems theory to explore relationships between individual, micro, meso, and macro factors and expected future religious practices of students studying at a Seventh-day Adventist university. The study operationalizes system theory in context of both public relations and spirituality. The primary purpose is to understand relationship between each level of systems theory and students’ expectations about future religious practices. Key recommendations include the need to increase use of digital communication tools, the value of distinguishing between understanding and belief/action at the micro level, and the importance of supporting spiritual development outside the context of organized religion.

Disclosure statement

Neither of the authors report financial support or potential competing interest related to this project.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Rachel Williams-Smith

Rachel Williams-Smith is a professor and dean of the School of Journalism and Communication at Southern Adventist University. Her research interest centers on the communication of religious extremism and cultural adaptation. She is an author and speaker, has produced and presented a number of conference papers, and made numerous professional presentations. She holds degrees in Communication (PhD), Educational Leadership (EdD), English (MA), and Language Arts Education (BS).

Sally J. McMillan

Sally J. McMillan is a professor emerita at the University of Tennessee Knoxville. Her research explores the impact of new communication technologies on individuals, organizations and society; examines factors that lead to academic success for students from diverse backgrounds; and evaluates approaches to communicating with underserved populations. She has authored more than 150 publications and conference papers in respected national and international venues. McMillan has received multiple awards for her teaching, research, and service.