Construction of Sportsmanship Attitude Scales

Abstract

Alternate form sportsmanship attitude scales were developed using the scale-discrimination technique. The initial set of 152 items were descriptions of ethically critical sportsmanship behavior. The initial item set was successively treated with the equal-appearing interval, summated rating, and scale analysis methods for developing attitude scales. The 42 items selected for the final scale form were divided into separate units in order to have alternate scale forms. The two forms were evaluated for reliability, reproducibility, and empirical validity. A correlation coefficient of .86 was found between scores of Form A and Form B for the single test administration. For Form A the coefficient of reproducibility was found to be .81, and a reproducibility value of .86 was found for Form B. Empirical validity coefficients ranging from —.01 to .43 were found between the test scores and behavior ratings.