Girls’ Tobacco and Alcohol Use During Early Adolescence: Prediction From Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms Across Two Studies

Abstract

Associations between trajectories of depressive symptoms and subsequent tobacco and alcohol use were examined in two samples of girls assessed at age 11.5 (T1), 12.5 (T2), and 13.5 (T3). Two samples were examined to ascertain if there was generalizability of processes across risk levels and cultures. Study 1 comprised a United States-based sample of 100 girls in foster care; Study 2 comprised 264 girls in a United Kingdom community-based sample. Controlling for T1 aggression and T1 substance use, individual variation in intercept and slope of depressive symptoms was associated with tobacco use at T3 in both samples: greater intercept and increases in depressive symptoms increased the risk for T3 tobacco use. A similar pattern of associations was found for alcohol use in Study 1. The replicability of findings for the prediction of tobacco use from trajectories of depressive symptoms suggests potential benefit in identifying girls with elevated depressive symptoms for tobacco use prevention programs, prior to the transition to secondary school.

KEYWORDS:

• adolescent girls
• alcohol use
• depression
• longitudinal
• tobacco use

Acknowledgments

Support for this work was provided by grant R01 MH054257, NIMH, U.S. PHS, to Leslie D. Leve and by grant ERSC R000222569 from the Economic and Social Research Council to Gordon T. Harold. Additional support for the writing of this report was provided by the following grants: R01 DA024672 and P30 DA023920, NIDA, U.S. PHS, and R01 HD042608, NICHD, U.S. PHS.

Notes

Notes. Study 1 data are presented above the diagonal and in the upper half of the table. Study 2 data are presented below the diagonal and in the lower half of the table. Due to the slightly skewed nature of the depressive symptoms and aggression data, Spearman's correlations are presented. Standard deviations are not presented for dichotomous variables. XX = could not be calculated (no tobacco use in the subsample that had aggression data).

†p < .10. *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.

Note. ***p < .001.

Notes. ^a As described in the text, T1 tobacco use was not included as a predictor in Study 1 due to a lack of endorsement.

†p < .06. *p < .05. ***p < .001.