How does repeated simulation of memory impairment affect genuine memory performance?

Abstract

A recurrent problem for the legal system is persons claiming memory loss in relation to crime events of which they are suspected. In the present study, individuals were tested as perpetrators having first read a story about “themselves” stabbing another man to death. Participants' memory of the story was tested at three sessions (30 minutes, one week and three weeks later). The genuine memory of one group was tested at all three sessions, whilst a second group simulated memory impairments at the first session and a third group simulated memory impairments at the first two sessions. At the third test session, all three groups were tested on what they actually remembered. Results showed a decrease in memory after simulation of impaired memory, as compared with the controls, but repeated simulation did not seem to be of importance for free recall and recognition. It is suggested that people have specific ideas and conceptions about how memory and forgetting work, ideas that might be used when simulating memory impairments in order to deny guilt. Although one should be cautious when generalizing the findings to real life events, the results are considered to be of relevance within both the legal- and the memory theoretical frameworks.

Key Words:

• memory loss
• crime