Perceptions of male victim blame in a child sexual abuse case: effects of gender, age and need for closure

Abstract

According to the gender stereotypes attributed to men, and research on adult male victims, boys subjected to sexual abuse are expected to be better able to defend themselves than girls, and are thought to be more likely to adopt a proactive attitude in the victim–perpetrator relationship. They are consequently regarded as more blameworthy than female victims. In the present study, 384 French respondents read through a sexual abuse scenario in which the child victim's gender, perpetrator's gender and victim's age (7 vs. 12 years old) were manipulated. As expected, male respondents blamed the victim more than female respondents did, especially when the victim was a boy. Furthermore, male respondents blamed the perpetrator less than female respondents did, especially when the perpetrator was a woman and the victim a boy. However, these effects were observed for victims of both 7 and 12 years old while it was expected only for the 12-year-old victims. Finally, as expected, respondents who expressed a high need for closure perceived the victim as less credible and more guilty than respondents who expressed a low need for closure, particularly when the victim was 12 years old. This cognitive characteristic thus appears to moderate the expression of stereotypical representations.

Keywords:

• gender stereotype
• victim blame
• child sexual abuse
• need for closure

Notes

1. All full regression models were significant, credibility: R²=0.13, F(32, 351) = 1.68, p=.012, f²=.153; victim's responsibility: R²=0.139, F(32, 351) = 1.77, p=.007, f²=.161; victim's culpability: R²=0.139, F(32, 351) = 1.77, p=.007, f²=.161; perpetrator's responsibility: R²=0.16, F(32, 351) = 2.13, p=.0005, f²=.186; perpetrator's culpability: R²=0.246, F(32, 351)=3.58 p < .0001, f²=.186. Tolerance values for the predictors ranged from .36 to .72.