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Abstract
Although the advent of in vivo electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy has allowed analysis of the redox status of living animals, whether the haemodynamic condition affects the signal decay rate remains unknown. Three kinds of haemodynamic conditions were generated by changing the anaesthetic dosage in mice. Haemodynamics was analysed (n=6 each) and in vivo ESR was performed to measure the signal decay rates of three nitroxyl spin probes (carbamoyl-, carboxy- and methoxycarbonyl-PROXYL) at the chest and head regions (n=6 for each condition and probe). Haemodynamic analysis revealed negative inotropic and chronotropic effects on the cardiovascular system depending on the depth of anaesthesia. Although signal decay rates differed among three probes, they were not affected by heart rate alteration. In this study we report the haemodynamics-independent signal decay rate of nitoxyl probes.
| Abbreviations | ||
| BP | = | blood pressure |
| 3-carbamoyl-PROXYL | = | 3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-1-oxyl |
| 3-carboxy-PROXYL | = | 3-carboxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-l-oxyl |
| CmP | = | 3-carbamoyl-PROXYL |
| CxP | = | 3-carboxy-PROXYL |
| ESR | = | electron spin resonance |
| FS | = | fractional shortening |
| HR | = | heart rate |
| LV | = | left ventricle |
| LVEDD | = | left ventricular end-diastolic dimension |
| LVEDP | = | left ventricular end-diastolic pressure |
| LVESD | = | left ventricular end-systolic dimension |
| 3-methoxycarbonyl-PROXYL | = | 3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-1-oxyl |
| MCP | = | 3-methoxycarbonyl-PROXYL |
| ROS | = | reactive oxygen species. |
| Abbreviations | ||
| BP | = | blood pressure |
| 3-carbamoyl-PROXYL | = | 3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-1-oxyl |
| 3-carboxy-PROXYL | = | 3-carboxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-l-oxyl |
| CmP | = | 3-carbamoyl-PROXYL |
| CxP | = | 3-carboxy-PROXYL |
| ESR | = | electron spin resonance |
| FS | = | fractional shortening |
| HR | = | heart rate |
| LV | = | left ventricle |
| LVEDD | = | left ventricular end-diastolic dimension |
| LVEDP | = | left ventricular end-diastolic pressure |
| LVESD | = | left ventricular end-systolic dimension |
| 3-methoxycarbonyl-PROXYL | = | 3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-1-oxyl |
| MCP | = | 3-methoxycarbonyl-PROXYL |
| ROS | = | reactive oxygen species. |