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Abstract
Increased oxidative stress and decreased life span of erythrocytes (RBCs) are repeatedly reported in diabetes. In the aim to elucidate the mechanism of the latter, i.e. the events leading to erythrocyte ageing, this study determined in RBCs from diabetic patients iron release in a free desferrioxamine-chelatable form (DCI), methemoglobin (MetHb) formation, binding of autologous IgG to membrane proteins and in plasma non-protein-bound iron (NPBI), F2-Isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP). DCI and MetHb were higher in diabetic RBCs than in controls and autologous IgG binding occurred in a much higher percentage of diabetic patients than controls. A significant correlation between DCI and IgG binding was found in diabetic RBCs. Plasma NPBI, esterified F2-IsoPs and AOPP were higher in diabetic patients and a significant correlation was found between plasma NPBI and intra-erythrocyte DCI. The increased DCI and autologous IgG binding appear to be important factors in the accelerated removal of RBCs from the blood stream in diabetes and the increase in plasma NPBI could play an important role in the increased oxidative stress.
| Abbreviations | ||
| AGEs | = | advanced glycation end-products |
| AOPP | = | advanced oxidation protein products |
| NH2 | = | aminopropyl |
| BSA | = | bovine serum albumin |
| BCIP-NBT | = | 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate/nitro blue tetrazolium |
| BHT | = | butylated hydroxytoluene |
| DFO | = | desferrioxamine |
| DCI | = | desferrioxamine-chelatable iron |
| F2-IsoPs | = | F2-Isoprostanes |
| HbA1c | = | glycated haemoglobin |
| HPLC | = | high performance liquid chromatography |
| IgG | = | immunoglobulin G |
| LDL | = | low density lipoproteins |
| MetHb | = | methemoglobin |
| HEPES | = | N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-ethanesulphonic acid |
| C18 | = | octadecylsilane |
| PBS | = | phosphate buffered saline |
| NPBI | = | plasma non-protein-bound iron |
| PGF2 | = | prostaglandin F2 |
| RBCs | = | red blood cells |
| Abbreviations | ||
| AGEs | = | advanced glycation end-products |
| AOPP | = | advanced oxidation protein products |
| NH2 | = | aminopropyl |
| BSA | = | bovine serum albumin |
| BCIP-NBT | = | 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate/nitro blue tetrazolium |
| BHT | = | butylated hydroxytoluene |
| DFO | = | desferrioxamine |
| DCI | = | desferrioxamine-chelatable iron |
| F2-IsoPs | = | F2-Isoprostanes |
| HbA1c | = | glycated haemoglobin |
| HPLC | = | high performance liquid chromatography |
| IgG | = | immunoglobulin G |
| LDL | = | low density lipoproteins |
| MetHb | = | methemoglobin |
| HEPES | = | N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-ethanesulphonic acid |
| C18 | = | octadecylsilane |
| PBS | = | phosphate buffered saline |
| NPBI | = | plasma non-protein-bound iron |
| PGF2 | = | prostaglandin F2 |
| RBCs | = | red blood cells |