Introduction to the special section: the shifting South Asian nuclear landscape

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size

Notes

1 In 1991, India and Pakistan entered into an agreement not to attack each other’s nuclear installations. Since January 1, 1992, the two sides have exchanged appropriate lists of such entities on an annual basis. In February 1999, as part of the Lahore Declaration, the two sides agreed to pursue nuclear-risk-reduction measures. However, no formal agreements have ensued from that stated goal.

2 On China’s nuclear modernization, see M. Taylor Fravel, Active Defense: China’s Military Strategy since 1949 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2019).

3 For a discussion of the concept of the security dilemma, see Shiping Tang, “The Security Dilemma: A Conceptual Analysis,” Security Studies, Vol. 18, No. 3 (2009), pp. 587–623.