Abstract
Objective: Muscle blood flow increases with motor unit recruitment. The physical relationships between somatic motor nerves, which control muscle fiber contraction, and arterioles, which control microvascular perfusion, are unexplored. The authors tested the hypothesis that motor axons align with arterioles in adult skeletal muscle.
Methods: Transgenic mice (C57BL/6 background, n = 5; 10 months of age) expressing yellow fluorescent protein in all motor nerves underwent vascular casting (Microfil). Excised epitrochlearis, gracilis, gluteus maximus, and spinotrapezius muscles were imaged at 380× and 760× and a computer-integrated tracing system (Neurolucida) was used to acquire 3-dimensional digital renderings of entire arteriolar and neural networks within each muscle.
Results: Arteriolar networks were typically ∼3-fold longer than neural networks. Nerves coursed with arterioles until terminating at motor endplates. Across muscles, proximity analyses revealed that ∼ 75% of total nerve length (9.8–48.8 mm) lay within 200 μm of the nearest arteriole (diameters of 15–60 μ m).
Conclusions: Somatic motor nerves and arterioles align closely within adult mammalian skeletal muscle. Understanding the signals governing neurovascular alignment may hold important clues for the advancement of tissue engineering and regeneration.
This study was supported by grants P30-AR46032 and R21-AG19347 from the National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service. S.E.B. was supported by NIH postdoctoral training grant T32-NS07455.