Patient reported outcomes of hand function three years after stroke

Abstract

Objective: To comprehensively describe hand function and associated factors among stroke survivors by means of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ; 6 domains; score 0–100, worst–best).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, stroke patients were invited to complete a set of questionnaires on hand function, socio-demographic characteristics, mental functioning, daily activities, quality of life, and caregiver strain. Stroke characteristics were collected retrospectively from medical records. Multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, and duration of follow-up was used to identify factors associated with MHQ score.

Results: 207 out of 576 eligible patients responded (36%); mean age 63.8 years (SD14.2), 125 males (60.4%). Mean time since stroke was 36.3 months (SD9.9). In 85% of the patients, the MHQ Total score was less than 100 points (median 79.9, IQR 63.0–95.8). The median scores of the domains were: overall hand function 75.0, daily activities 90.5, work 85.0, pain 100, appearance 93.8, and satisfaction with hand function 83.3. A lower MHQ Total score was significantly associated with a lower Barthel Index at hospital discharge, a lower level of education, a supratentorial stroke and with unfavorable outcomes regarding physical and mental functioning, quality of life, and caregiver strain.

Conclusion: Patients can perceive limitations on several domains with respect to hand function 2–5 years after stroke. Problems related to the appearance of the hand and satisfaction with hand function can be relevant and should be considered accordingly. Persistent hand problems after stroke are related to a more severe, supratentorial stroke in lower educated patients.

Keywords:

• Humans
• stroke
• chronic
• hand function
• outcomes assessment
• disability evaluation

Acknowledgments

We are indebted to A. Hanschke, research nurse at Landsteiner Institute, The Hague, for her assistance with the data collection and to C. Kromme, datamanager of Sophia Rehabilitation Center, the Hague, for his support with the database.