Altered biomechanical strategies of the paretic hip and knee joints during a step-up task

ABSTRACT

Background

Stroke often leads to chronic motor impairments in the paretic lower limb that can constrain lower extremity movement and negatively impact the ability to navigate stairs or curbs. This cross-sectional study investigated the differences in hip and knee biomechanical strategies during a step-up task between five adults with hemiparetic stroke and five age-matched adults without stroke.

Methods

Participants were instructed to step up onto a 10.2 cm platform, where joint biomechanics were quantified for the hip in the frontal plane and the hip and knee in the sagittal plane. Peak joint kinematics were identified during the leading limb swing phase, and peak joint moments and power were identified during the leading limb pull-up phase of stance. Mixed effects regression models estimated fixed effects of limb (three levels: control dominant, stroke non-paretic, and stroke paretic) on biomechanical outcomes, while a random effect of participant controlled for within-participant correlations.

Results

Repeated assessments within participants (approximately 60 trials per lower limb) increased the effective sample size to between 12.0 and 19.6. Altered biomechanical strategies of the paretic lower limb included reduced flexion angles and increased pelvic obliquity angles during swing, decreased power generation in the hip frontal plane during stance, and decreased moment and power generation in the knee sagittal plane during stance. A strategy of substantial interest was the elevated hip sagittal plane moment and power generation in both stroke limbs.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that chronic motor impairments following stroke can lead to inefficient biomechanical strategies when stepping up.

KEYWORDS:

• Stroke
• stair ascent
• step up
• biomechanics
• paretic lower limb

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to sincerely thank Emily Baker, Katharine Coombes, Danielle Fredricks, Linsey Daluga, and Sara Hilu for their contributions to this project.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability

Processed data are available at Arch, Northwestern University’s Institutional Repository (10.21985/n2-z28a-qh02).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [T32EB009406]; National Institutes of Health [T32HD007418].