cGAS-STING and PD1/PDL-1 pathway in breast cancer: a window to new therapies

Abstract

Breast cancer is a complex malignancy with diverse molecular and cellular subtypes and clinical outcomes. Despite advances in treatment, breast cancer remains a significant health challenge. However, recent advances in cancer immunotherapy have shown promising results in the treatment of breast cancer, particularly the use of inhibitors that target the immune checkpoint PD1/PDL1. Also, the cGAS-STING pathway, an important part of the innate immune response, has been considered as a major potential therapeutic target for breast cancer. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the cGAS-STING and PD1/PDL-1 pathway in breast cancer, including their role in tumor development, progression, and response to treatment. We also discuss potential future directions for research.

Keywords:

• Brast cancer
• cGAS
• STING
• PDL1
• PD1

Acknowledgments

The authers thank the Research Deputy of Neyshabour University of Medical Sciences for their financial support for this article.

Authors’ contributions

M.Kh designed the study, searched and wrote draft of manuscript, and approved the final manuscript. M.A searched, collected data and approved final manuscript.

Ethical approval

This study lacks human and animal studies.

Disclosure statement

There is no conflict of interest for the authors.

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.