https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4111-2506
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Abstract
Objectives. This study aimed to assess carcinogenic and health risks of respiratory exposure to acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and styrene (ABS) in the petrochemical industry. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a petrochemical plant producing ABS copolymers. Respiratory exposure to each of acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene and styrene was measured using methods No. 1604, No. 1024 and No. 1501 of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), respectively. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) method was used to assess carcinogenic and health risks. Results. The average occupational exposure to ABS was 560.82 µg m–3 for 1,3-butadiene, 122.8 µg m–3 for acrylonitrile and 1.92 µg m–3 for styrene. The average lifetime cancer risk in the present study was 2.71 × 10−3 for 1,3-butadiene, 2.1 × 10−3 for acrylonitrile and 6.6 × 10−3 for styrene. Also, the mean non-cancer risk (hazard quotient) among all participants for each of 1,3-butadiene, acrylonitrile and styrene was 4.04 ± 6.93, 10.82 ± 14.76 and 0.19 ± 0.11, respectively. Conclusion. The values of carcinogenic and health risks in the majority of the subjects were within the unacceptable risk levels due to exposure to ABS vapors. Hence, corrective actions are required to protect the workers from non-cancer and cancer risks.
Funding
This work was supported by the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) [grant number 9611139006], [ethics code IR.TUMS.SPH.REC.1398.022].
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to express special thanks to Tehran University of Medical Sciences for funding and supporting this project.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.