Overview of Fish Consumption Rates in the United States

ABSTRACT

Contaminants that accumulate in fish may pose health risks and have raised concerns among consumers. Contaminated finfish and shellfish are possible routes of human exposure to toxic chemicals. Fish advisories are established to protect local populations from the consumption of contaminated commercial and non-commercially caught fish. Children, women of childbearing age, and subsistence fishermen or other highly exposed individuals who for socioeconomic or cultural reasons consume more fish than the general population are among the populations of concern from the ingestion of contaminated fish. Estimating exposure to a toxic chemical among fish-consuming populations requires knowledge about intake rates of fish and shellfish. Data on fish consumption rates come from various sources, including national, state, and local government studies. Although these data have their limitations, they serve as a source for deriving fish consumption rates that may be used by exposure assessors. Data on specific populations of concern are critical. Studies presented here show that ethnicity, age, and geographical region play an important role in fishing behavior and consumption. Results from studies on Native American populations show that this ethnic group eats fish at a higher rate than recreational anglers. This article summarizes data on fish consumption for various populations and provides a framework for evaluating data from these studies for exposure assessment applications.

Keywords:

• fish
• consumption
• recreation
• subsistence.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author expresses her appreciation to Nancy Beck, formerly with USEPA, for her contributions in contacting states and local governments and collecting available reports on fish consumption. She also thanks two anonymous referees for their useful and constructive comments.

The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This article is a product of the U.S. government and is not copyrighted.

Notes

^a g/kg-day.

^a g/day.