Health risk perspectives of metal(loid) exposure via consumption of striped venus clam (Chamelea gallina Linnaeus, 1758)

ABSTRACT

The metal(loid)s are mainly transported to the Black Sea via rivers and affect the coastal area where fisheries are intensive. Chamelea gallina (striped venus clam) is the most abundant mollusk species in the Black Sea and used as a bioindicator for monitoring of metal(loid) pollution. In this respect, the concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn in C. gallina collected from 16 different locations along the Black Sea coast (Turkey, Bulgaria, and Russia) were determined and evaluated for the potential human health risk. The results obtained were found to be below the maximum permissible limits indicated in the food safety guidelines. Similarly, the analyzed metal(loid)s did not pose a potential hazard to humans for consumption of the C. gallina, regarding provisional tolerable weekly intake described by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Moreover, target hazard quotient and hazard index were found to be lower than 1 for not only average consumer but also the consumer who consumed a portion (160 g) once a week. In contrast, consumption of C. gallina could cause health risks for Cd and As in case of increasing portion sizes.

KEYWORDS:

• heavy metal
• metalloid
• target hazard quotient
• hazard index
• biomonitoring

Acknowledgments

The Chamelea gallina samples used in the present work were provided from the project supported by the Karadeniz Technical University, Research Project fund (Project No. FBA-2017-5635).