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Abstract
In June of 2012, representatives from more than 80 countries promulgated a Child Survival Call to Action, which called for reducing child mortality to 20 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births in every country by 2035. To address the problem of ending preventable child deaths, the U.S. Agency for International Development and the United Nations Children's Fund convened, on June 3–4, 2013, an Evidence Summit on Enhancing Child Survival and Development in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries by Achieving Population-Level Behavior Change. Six evidence review teams were established on different topics related to child survival and healthy development to identify the relevant evidence-based interventions and to prepare reports. This article was developed by the evidence review team responsible for identifying the research literature on caregiver change for child survival and development. This article is organized into childhood developmental periods and cross-cutting issues that affect child survival and healthy early development across all these periods. On the basis of this review, the authors present evidence-based recommendations for programs focused on caregivers to increase child survival and promote healthy development. Last, promising directions for future research to change caregivers' behaviors are given.
Acknowledgments
John Elder was Co-Chair of Evidence Review Team 1, which was responsible for addressing this topic for the Evidence Summit. He contributed to the malaria section and had overall editorial responsibility. Willo Pequegnat drafted major parts of a section and carried out extensive editorial changes of the entire manuscript. They are first and second authors. All other authors wrote major sections and edited others. They are listed in alphabetical order. Extensive logistical, editorial, and other assistance were needed to complete this manuscript. Robert Balster and Elizabeth Fox reviewed entire drafts and helped us integrate this paper into the overall special issue. Rachel Noveroske and Stephanie Levy worked diligently to maintain communication within and between the various evidence review teams. The authors of the “Healthy Timing and Spacing of Pregnancy” section especially thank Emily Stammer, Leanne Dougherty, Katherine Weaver, Kelsey Wright, and Michael Leavell for their exceptional and sustained assistance. Traci Kulata is also thanked for her assistance in conducting the original literature review. The authors of the “Handwashing” section thank Julia Rosenbaum, Katie Carroll, and Pavani K. Ram.