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Abstract
Gingko biloba, family Gink, is used as a source of food and in traditional medicine for treatment of cough and promoting blood circulation, etc. The aim of the present work is to determine the chemical variation of G. biloba leaves collected from different harvesting time and in vitro anti-platelet aggregation effects, respectively. Methanol extract of G. biloba leaves was subjected to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry analysis and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The anti-platelet aggregation effects induced by platelet-activating factor (PAF) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was measured by Born’s method. UHPLC-QTOF-MS analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic acid and terpene lactones in different sample. Partial least square discriminant analysis based on chemical profiling conducted to differentiate the samples according to their harvest time. All samples found highly effective against PAF-induced platelet aggregation with IC50 of 98.87 μg/mL (summer sample) and 51.55 μg/mL (autumn sample). However, on ADP-induced platelet aggregation, IC50 of these samples were greater than 200 μg/mL. Both total contents of flavonoids and terpene lactones in autumn sample were greater than that in summer sample. Qualitative and quantitative analysis showed that the distribution of chemicals was variation in different harvesting time.
Graphical Abstract
| Abbreviations |
| ADP | = | Adenosine diphosphate |
| BSA | = | bovine serum albumin |
| DMSO | = | dimethylsulfoxide |
| IC50 | = | half-maximal inhibition concentrations |
| LOD | = | limit of detection |
| LOQ | = | limit of quantitation |
| MRM | = | multiple reaction monitoring |
| PAF | = | platelet-activating factor |
| PLS-DA | = | Partial least square discriminant analysis |
| PRP | = | Platelet-rich plasma |
| PPP | = | platelet-poor plasma |
| QQQ-MS | = | triple quadrupole mass spectrometry |
| QTOF-MS | = | quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry |
| UHPLC | = | ultra-high performance liquid chromatography |
| VIP | = | Variable importance plot. |
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.