Heterogeneity in the Development of Drug Use Versatility: Risk Factors for Polydrug Use throughout the Life-Course

Abstract

Background: Polydrug use is a major public health issue associated with numerous undesirable physical and mental health outcomes. While past research has identified risk factors for polydrug use and elevated drug use variety, there has yet to be any research which seeks to examine this phenomenon from a developmental perspective. There also has yet to be any research which examines the impact of risk factors for predicting differential development. Objectives: Identify developmental subgroups of polydrug use. Identify risk factors predicting heterogeneity in development. Methods: The Pathways to Desistance data were used in this research. The present study used group-based trajectory modeling to elucidate general developmental patterns of drug use variety and sought to identify risk factors predicting the heterogeneity in the development of this outcome using multinomial logistic regression among a sample of juvenile offenders. Results: A six group model best fit the drug use variety count data. Several risk factors were identified which predicted assignment to the most problematic developmental subgroup, including: low self-control, low religiosity, and history of victimization at baseline. White participants were more likely to engage in any level of drug use. Conclusions/Importance: These results indicate that juvenile offenders are at-risk for chronic issues with polydrug use and more general engagement in polydrug use. Public health and criminal justice professionals should work together to develop and implement psychosocial interventions for targeting risk factors associated with accelerating and chronic polydrug use.

Keywords:

• Polydrug use
• group-based trajectory modeling
• juvenile offenders
• development

Notes

1 This count measure included the following drugs as possible choices that could be measured as a part of a participants’ count: marijuana/hashish, sedatives/tranquilizers, stimulants/amphetamines, cocaine/crack, opiates, ecstasy, hallucinogens, inhalants, amylnitrates/poppers/odorizers, other (specify). This measure notably did not count alcohol or tobacco products as drugs which contributed to the count.