Compression–decompression modulus (CDM) – an alternative/complementary approach to Heckel’s analysis

Abstract

The novel modulus-based approach was developed to characterize the compression behavior of the materials and how it results into tablet mechanical strength (TMS) of the final tablet. The force–displacement profile for the model materials (Vivapur^® 101, Starch 1500^®, Emcompress^®, and Tablettose^® 100) was generated at different compression pressures (100, 150, and 200 MPa) and speeds (0.35, 0.55, and 0.75 m/s) using compaction emulator (Presster™). A generated continuous compression profile was evaluated with Heckel plot and the proposed material modulus method. The computed compression parameters were qualitatively and quantitatively correlated with TMS by principal component analysis and principal component regression, respectively. Compression modulus has negatively correlated, while decompression modulus is positively correlated to TMS. Proposed modulus descriptors are independent of particle density measurements required for the Heckel method and could overcome the limitations of the Heckel method to evaluate the decompression phase. Based on the outcome of the study, a two-dimensional compression and decompression modulus classification system (CDMCS) was proposed. The proposed CDMCS could be used to define critical material attributes in the early development stage or to understand reasons for tablet failure in the late development stage.

Keywords:

• Compression modulus
• decompression modulus
• Heckel’s analysis
• deforming materials
• fragmenting materials

Correction Statement

This article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).