Publication Cover
The European Legacy
Toward New Paradigms
Volume 22, 2017 - Issue 3
561
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Dom Hans van der Laan’s Architectonic Space: A Peculiar Blend of Architectural Modernity and Religious TraditionFootnote

 

Abstract

This article discusses the design methodology of the Benedictine monk-architect Dom Hans van der Laan (1904–91), famous for his manifesto De Architectonische Ruimte (Architectonic Space, 1977), in which he proposed his ideal elementary architecture. In the past, this ideal achitecture was linked to Van der Laan’s proportional system and to his general approach as an architect rather than to his Catholic background. Consequently, the changing conceptual landscape in which he developed his ideas on the relation between religion and design was neglected. Yet, as this article will argue, it is only by carefully exploring the relation between Van der Laan’s attempts to define a fundamental architecture and his ambition to understand the religious traditions they may have sprung from that one can understand how his religion and design methodology influenced each other. Based on unedited primary sources (letters, notes, design sketches, lectures), this article reveals forgotten interconnections between Van der Laan’s religious and architectural thinking. By analysing these motifs, it offers new insights on the interrelationships between religion and architecture that go beyond the traditionalist-modernist dichotomy.

Notes

An earlier version of this article was originally presented in the panel “An Intellectual Hinterland: Religion and Modernist Art in the Postwar Period,” at the Annual Symposium of the International Society of Intellectual History (ISIH), “Intellectual Hinterlands,” The University of Toronto, Canada, June 22–25, 2014.

1. All translations from the Dutch and French are the author’s, unless indicated otherwise.  Van der Laan, “Met Jan en Els en Jeanne-Daisy naar Rome in de eerste helft van de Vasten 1955” (travel diary from a study trip to Rome between February 27 and 15 of March 1955, Tuesday 8 March 1955).

2.  In 1955, CKA architect Jules H. M. Kirch (1919–98) started to work on a radically different proposal for the Gedachteniskerk aan de Grebbe (1955–57) in Rhenen, the Netherlands. Editorial Board, “Report by the Jury,” 353–59.

3. Stegers, Sacred Buildings, 33. He refers to spatial artists whose work is attributed to Minimal Art, Arte Povera and Land Art, but also to the quasi-sacral museums by, for example, Peter Märkli (La Congiunta Museum and Foundation in Giornico, Switzerland, 1992), or Tadao Ando (Langen Foundation Museum near to Insel Hombroich, Germany, 2004). I also refer to the more recent museums of Sanaa (New Museum of Contemporary Art, New York, 2007), or Peter Zumthor (Archdiocese Museum, Cologne, Germany, 2007).

4. Padovan, Dom Hans van der Laan.

5. Van der Laan, Le nombre plastique.

6. Van der Laan, De architectonische ruimte. The work was translated into English, French, German and Italian.

7. In 1945, Van der Laan started teaching a class for practising architects in Breda and ‘s-Hertogenbosch, the Cursus Kerkelijke Architectuur (Course on Church Architecture, CKA).

8. But even now, his oeuvre of only four convents and a house is published on an international scale as, for example, in Domus and The Architectural Review. These buildings have become pilgrimage sites for practising architects and institutions that want to study and experience his spaces. His book Architectonic Space, translated into English, French, German, and Italian, continues to inspire many architects to this day. Many visit the Van der Laan’s abbeys in Vaals and Waasmunster, as can be seen in the archives. In the last three years, for example, Roosenberg Abbey in Waasmunster (1974) has been visited by academics from ETH Zurich; the University of Venice; Dept. of Architecture, University of Valladolid; Dept. of Architecture, Università della Svizzera italiana; Accademia di Architettura di Mendrisio; Leibniz Universität Hannover; Facultät für Architectur und Landschaft Institut für Entwerfen und Gebäudelhere.

9.  Granpré Molière, inaugural speech at the Technische Hogeschool Delft, “De Moderne Bouwkunst en Hare Beloften” [Modern Building and its Promises], October 22, 1924.

10. As a reference for Aquinas, the Benedictines in Oosterhout used: Saint Thomas d’Aquin, Somme Theologique, and La Vertu. On the cogitativa, also see Gardeil, Initiation à la filosofie.

11.  Aquinas, De Veritate, q2 a3. Van der Laan often used this quote in his architectural teachings.

12.  E.g., Talma, Dom, De filosofische achtergrond van het Plastieke Getal. Uit de samenvatting van een gesprek over het ‘huis’ met Dom van der Laan, April 1966 (unpublished), Van der Laan Archives, St.-Benedictusberg, Vaals; hereafter abbreviated as VDLA.

13.  Van der Laan, Derde uiteenzetting, Leiden, July 1940 (unpublished, VDLA), 7–8. “En deze hoogste mogelijkheid is de bezieling van de ruimte afhankelijk van de akte zelf van het bouwen. Dit contact nemen met de ruimte kan door zijn universeel karakter het beginsel zijn van een noodzakelijke en een algemeen te erkennen vormentaal. De kracht van dit beginsel is ondanks zijn verwantschap met de materie zo vitaal en zo eminent dat al onze concepties er slechts aan kunnen tippen en dat van de andere kant de gewaarwording ervan moet gelden als de diepste emotie van schoonheid.”

14. Berlage, Schoonheid in Samenleving, 23.

15.  Van der Laan, “Text for an Interview with Antoine Bodart,” March 26, 1988 (unpublished, VDLA), in which he reffers to Berlage’s Schoonheid in Samenleving.

16.  Berlage, Grundlagen und Entwicklung der Architektur: 4 Vorträge gehalten im Kunstgewerbemuseum zu Zürich / von H. P. Berlage (Berlin: Bard, 1908)-120 S.-Ill, quoted in Banham, Theory and Design, 142.

17. Berlage, Thoughts on Style, 249.

18.  Van der Laan, Derde uiteenzetting, Leiden, July 1940 (unpublished, VDLA), 10.

19. Van der Laan to Professor Granpré Molière, September 19, 1946, Oosterhout, 2 (copy in VDLA).

20.  Van der Laan, Resumé, 1941 (unpublished, VDLA), 1–2: “Wij worden door de natuur overweldigd en zoeken kunstmatige uitgangspunten om dit contrast op te heffen, om weer vat te krijgen op de ruimte, om die ruimte opnieuw te begrijpen en te beheersen. De architectuur wordt daardoor zowel een noodzakelijk hulpmiddel voor ons verstand als daarenboven een uitdrukking van een herwonnen heerschappij, van een begrepen ruimte.”

21. See for example: Van der Laan, 13e les, Werkgroep Kerkelijke Architectuur Breda, 26 October 1946 (unpublished, VDLA), 4.

22. Schloesser, “Rise of a Mystic Modernism,” 35.

23. Ibid., 36. Here Schloesser quotes Maritain’s “Notes on Saint Thomas.”

24. Van der Laan, “Lezing over de Cursus Kerkelijke Architectuur, St. Thomas,” January 28, 1977 (unpublished, VDLA).

25. Van der Laan, “Cursus Kerkelijke Architectuur.”

26. Van der Laan, 13th lesson, October 26, 1946, Course on Church Architecture, Breda, 4, VDLA. “De indruk die wij van de ruimte krijgen, is in de eerste plaats van zinnelijke aard, maar door ons verstandelijk licht, dat die waarneming begeleidt, wordt zelfs ons verstand als het ware door die zinnelijke voorstelling ‘geïnformeerd’, waardoor zich in ons verstand een abstract concept vormt. Wij kunnen dit vergelijken met een bevruchting, waarbij het verstand eerst passief is: het laat zich het object worden, om het echter daarna actief door haarzelf te zijn. Met deze inwendige uitdrukking termineert zich het kenproces.”

27. Van der Laan, 12th lesson, September 14, 1946, Course on Church Architecture, Breda, 2–3, VDLA.

28. Remery, Mystery and Matter, 173. Remery refers to: Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita, “De coelesti hierarchia,” 73.

29. Remery, Mystery and Matter, 173, 174.

30. Ibid., 105.

31. Schillebeeckx, “Op zoek naar een levende God,” Inaugural Speech, Nijmegen, 1959.

32. Van der Laan to Dom Botte from Zevenkerken, January 25, 1966, VDLA: “Je lis maintenant un article de Maurice Blondel, qui a paru dans la revue ‘la journée nouvelle’ en aôut 1921 intitulé ‘Le procès de l’ Intélligence’. C’est pour la première fois que je lis quelque chose pareil. Tout notre travail d’ architecture ne prend sa valeur que contre tel background.”

33. Blondel, Le Procès de l’intelligence, 254; a collection of several studies published in La Nouvelle Journée between August 1920 and August 1921. The quotation underlined by Van der Laan: “Il faut y voir une source éclairante de synthèse universelle. Précisément parce qu’ à la difference de la connaissance notionelle qui est un moyen d’analyse, d’opposition et d’individualisme, l’action implique un concours total et toujours effectif.” 

34.  Blondel, Le Proces de l’intelligence. Copy by Van der Laan (VDLA).

35.  The following quote was transcribed by Van der Laan from “L’Itinéraire philosophique de Maurice Blondel, Paris, 1966,” 74: “Si, en parlant d’esthétique, on pensait à une sorte de métaphysique notionnelle ou de superintendance qui morigène artistes et poètes, mieux voudrait rayer le mot et la chose. Bien loin de subir le joug des abstractions, l’activité artistique ou littéraire doit contribuer à nous en libérer: c’est elle, je le répète, qui nous fraie une des avenues les plus pénétrantes d’introduction à l’être: c’est elle qui concourant à une ‘science du singulier’ et au progrès, à la sauvegarde de la pensée concrète, épouse et féconde la métaphysique véritable, au lieu d’être asservie à une idéologie.”

36. Based on a conversation with Van Hooff, July 13, 2011, Aachen; see also Van Hooff, “Over wonen en meten.”

37. See, for example, Klubertanz S.J., “Der Hl,” 42–74. For an English translation, see Klubertanz S.J., “St. Thomas,” 135–66.

38. Bollnow, Mensch und Raum [Human Space]. Van der Laan explains this in a letter to Richard Padovan, October 26, 1983. He would have received the book in 1966 from Granpré Molière. Strangely enough, Van der Laan did not refer to the phenomenological theory of Martin Heidegger (1889–1976), which was main source of inspiration for many architects. Already in 1927, the year Van der Laan entered the convent, Heidegger published Being and Time, but Van der Laan never referred to it.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.