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Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been highly concerned as environmental organic pollutants. 4-Bromodiphenyl ether (BDE-3) is one of the lowest brominated diphenyl ethers used as a representative of monobromobiphenyl ethers for exploring the environmental behavior and toxicology of PBDEs. The root differentiation is the critical response to the exposure of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) for understanding the phytoremediation mechanism. In this article, the adventitious root differentiation of tissue cultural seedlings of Triarrhena sacchariflora was observed under BDE-3 exposure conditions. The results showed that 3.0 mg·L−1 BDE-3 had significant positive effects on the adventitious root differentiation and the biomass, in which the higher dosage of 30.0 mg·L−1 showed inhibition effects and symptoms of injury of seedlings. The endogenous IAA/ZR ratio was at higher level than the controls and coincident with the adventitious roots differentiation in the same treatment of 3.0 mg·L−1 BDE-3. However, the responses of coleoptile elongation of Zea mays and the DR5::GUS reporter gene of Arabidopsis thaliana to BDE-3 exposure were all negative comparing with the positive controls. It could be inferred from the results that the BDE-3 may not be an auxin-like substance, and its hormesis on the adventitious root differentiation of T. sacchariflora might result from changes of endogenous IAA/ZR due to the action of BDE-3. In our knowledge, it was the first report concerning the BDE-3 hormesis on the adventitious root differentiation of T. sacchariflora tissue culture seedlings. The findings are meaningful to the further understanding of the BDE-3 effects on the plant endogenous signal substances that regulate the plant growth and development which are closely related to the phytoremediation of POPs.
Disclosure statement
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article.