Defining Essential Features of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Abstract

Considerable debate surrounds the search for the defining features of patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Current case definitions were created through clinical consensus. Failure to operationalize these case definitions has led to considerable variability in the identification of patients. In addition, some case definitions do not require cardinal symptoms of this illness, whereas other case definitions do require core symptoms of this illness, and these latter case criteria appear to identify a more impaired group of patients. Criterion variance is most likely to occur when operationally explicit criteria do not exist for diagnostic categories, or when there are varying criteria for contrasting case definitions, which is an impediment to the research in this field. To deal with this problem, it is possible to differentiate those that meet more loosely defined criteria from those that are more narrowly and defined, thus differentiating CFS from ME. In order to progress the search for biological markers and effective treatments, essential features need to be operationalized and broadly used to increase the probability that individuals included in samples have the same underlying illness.

Keywords:

• Myalgic encephalomyelitis
• chronic fatigue syndrome
• biomarkers
• case definitions
• criterion variance
• diagnostic unreliability

Additional information

Funding

Funding was provided by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (Grant No. R01HD072208).