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Abstract
China is facing serious water pollution problems. Only 15 % of the municipal wastewater is appropriately treated each year. A lack of funds is one major obstacle facing the construction of wastewater treatment plants. Conventional treatment technology such as activated sludge process has both relatively high capital and operational costs. An alternative to this dilemma is to develop and apply the technologies with lower costs or better performance. This paper reviewed the appropriate technologies for municipal wastewater treatment in China. Based on both research and engineering practice, four technologies, including natural purification systems, highly efficient anaerobic processes, advanced bio‐film reactors and membrane bioreactors were discussed in detail.