Impact of harvesting on constructed wetlands performance—a comparison between Scirpus grossus and Typha angustifolia

Abstract

Three units of free water surface (FWS) constructed wetlands treating domestic wastewater under tropical conditions were examined in terms of water quality and biomass characteristics. One unit (L2) was planted with Scirpus grossus, one with Typha angustifolia (L3), and the unplanted third (L1) served as control. Influent and effluent quality parameters: biological oxygen demand (BOD₅), nitrate (NO₃ ⁻-N), ammonium (NH₄ ⁺-N), phosphorus (P), total suspended solids (TSS) and fecal coliforms were regularly measured. The average BOD₅ reductions were 37.0%, 58.5%, and 53.8% for units L1, L2, and L3, respectively. The planted units removed pollutants more effectively although there was no significant difference between the Scirpus grossus and Typha angustifolia units. Plant growth was monitored in marked quadrats by measuring shoot height and other growth parameters. The above-ground organs in L2 and L3 was harvested whenever the shoots reached maximum shoot height and formed flowers. Scirpus grossus had sustainable above-ground biomass production but Typha angustifolia could not sustain repeated harvestings with the above-ground biomass production declining significantly following four consecutive harvests.

Keywords:

• Wastewater
• constructed wetlands
• tropical
• nutrients
• wetland plants
• harvest