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Abstract
Xochimilco is an area of Mexico City fulfilling important ecological functions. However, the water of the canal network in the lacustrine zone of Xochimilco is supplied by the water treatment plants of the city, implying a risk of accumulated contaminants in the sediments. This study reports the effect of lixiviates obtained from sediments collected in the canals of Xochimilco on the growth of the alga Selenastrum capricornutum and the angiosperm Origanum vulgare. Three factors were tested: (a) water source in terms of the effluent from the two water treatment plants (urban waste-water, located at Cerro de la Estrella (CE) and urban-rural waters at San Luis Tlaxialtemalco (SLT); (b) sampling season (January, dry season; May and September, rainy season; and (c) distances from the water discharge point in the Xochimilco's main canal (5200 and 1000 m for CE, and 0, 200 m for SLT). The chemical water properties analyzed were: pH, electrical conductivity, N-NO3, N-NH3, NTotal, P-PO4 and PTotal. The alga was more sensitive to the contaminants than O. vulgare, showing growth inhibition of 93–100%. The effect of sampling season on the inhibition of algal growth was ordered as follows: September > May > January. Lixiviates obtained from sediment samples 200 and 1000 m from the main point of water discharge caused a higher algal growth inhibition than the samples obtained at the source point. Lixiviate promoted the growth of seedlings of O. vulgare.
Acknowledgments
The UAM (Departamentos de Producción Agrícola y Animal, and El Hombre y su Ambiente) and the UNAM (Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Laboratorio de Limnología) financially supported this work. SEP-FOMES financed laboratory equipment. Alejandro Gómez-Ponce (MSc) and Jorge Esparza helped in laboratory procedures.