Levels of potentially toxic metals in water, sediment and peat from Wonderfonteinspruit, North West Province, South Africa

ABSTRACT

Environmental monitoring of the levels of potentially toxic metals is of importance because of possible adverse effects on living species. This study was conducted to assess the levels of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, U and V in water, sediment and peat samples collected from the region of Wonderfonteinspruit. Water samples were simply filtered and acidified with HNO₃ prior to analysis. Sediment and peat were oven-dried, ground, sieved and mineralised using a microwave digestion system. Concentrations of the selected elements in all samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. A Zeeman mercury analyser was also used for quantification of Hg in the same sediment and peat samples. The method validation was carried out using SRM 1643e water and BCR 320R sediment certified reference materials. The results showed no significant difference at 95% level of confidence between the certified and measured values after using the Student's t-test. The levels of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, V and U found in rivers and dams were lower than the tentative South African water quality range guideline for domestic and irrigation purposes. However, water from dams and certain rivers was unsuitable for irrigation and domestic use.

KEYWORDS:

• Potentially toxic metals
• peat
• sediment
• water
• Wonderfonteinspruit

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge Tshwane University of Technology (TUT) and National Research Foundation (NRF) for financial support.

Additional information

Funding

Tshwane University of Technology (TUT) National Research Fund (NRF).