Energy budget in Alona guttata (Chydoridae: Aloninae) and toxicant-induced alterations

Abstract

Although chydorids are the most diverse cladocerans in the world, there is still little information available related to their biology and even less with respect to their susceptibility to toxicants. Therefore, this work aimed to implement protocols with Alona guttata for acute, chronic, and sublethal toxicity tests, using the environmental concern toxicants deltamethrin (DM) and lead (Pb2+), which are commonly used due to agriculture and vector control or for the automotive industry, respectively. Once the results of LC50 (0.1160 ± 0.0107 μg/L for DM and 1.5797 ± 0.1605 mg/L for Pb2+) were obtained, sublethal concentrations (0.01 to 0.2 LC50) were used for the evaluation of biomarkers and chronic toxicity. Concentrations as low as 0.01 LC50 reduced Alona's survival and fecundity, negatively affecting demographic parameters, and decreased the energy reserves. A significant correlation was found between the natural rate of population increase and the caloric content, which demonstrates the suitability of these biomarkers as endpoints of early warning that allow inferring alterations at higher biological levels. Subsequently, this work could constitute the first report on the evaluation of the energy budget in a non-daphnid species, its alterations due to exposure to toxic substances and the correlation with demographic responses.

Keywords:

• Biomarkers
• Cladoceran
• Heavy Metals
• Pyrethroids
• Toxicity Tests

Acknowledgments

Osorio-Treviño thanks CONACYT for the master’s degree scholarship and the UAA for their financial support as a postgraduate student. M.A. Arzate-Cárdenas and R. Rico-Martinez thank CONACYT and SNI for their financial support.

Additional information

Funding

Universidad Autonoma de Aguascalientes, Grant ID PIT17-4.