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Abstract
The effect of Rustamia sewage treatment plant on the species composition, spatial and temporal variations of phytoplankton population in Tigris and Diyala rivers were studied for the period between October 1991 to May 1992. Diyala River had more algal taxa (85 tiixa) than Tigris (36 taxa). Bacillariophyta was dominated in both rivers (40 and 46 taxa, respectively) followed by Chlorophyta then Cyanophyta. Other phyla were also observed. The total phytoplankton and diatom biomass at both rivers showed seasonal variation with low densities in January ( 10544 X 103 cell/l) and high in November ( 90515X103 cell/l). Lower diversity index was observed at stations which affected by wastewater inflow. The saprobiological investigations for both rivers were discussed. The water of Tigris and Diyala rivers considered as β‐to α‐mesosaprobic.