Human Health Risk Assessment for Aluminium, Aluminium Oxide, and Aluminium Hydroxide

Abstract

Note: This article was originally published with an incorrect version of the Acknowledgments, which appeared on p. 218 of the print version. The correct version of the Acknowledgments appeared on pp. 1–2. The corrected article is available below.

Keywords:

• aluminium
• aluminium oxide
• aluminium hydroxide
• speciation
• human health
• neurotoxicity
• exposure
• toxicokinetics
• toxicology
• epidemiology
• Alzheimer's disease
• risk assessment

Notes

¹Reference states that data were not available for the United States.

²milliTesla: the strength of the magnetic field.

CFTA. 1970. Safety data of magnesium aluminum silicate. Unpublished data.

EEC (European Economic Union Council). 1967. EEC directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances. pp: 1–98.

Epstein, S.G. 2005. A summary of findings from twenty years of molten metal incident reporting. Light Metals 2005.

FAO/WHO (Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization). 1989. Aluminium. In: Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants. Thirty-third report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. pp. 28–31 (WHO Technical Report Series No. 776) Geneva: World Health Organization.

FASEB (Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology). 1975. Evaluation of the Health Aspects of Aluminum Compounds as Food Ingredients. NTIS Report No-262 665. Springfield VA: National Technical Information Service. Sponsored by the US Food and Drug Administration. US FDA Report FDA/BF-77/24, 26 pp.

Hazelton Laboratories. 1968. Acute ocular and dermal testing with magnesium aluminum silicate. Unpublished data.

IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency). 1978. Activation analysis of hair as an indicator of contamination of man by environmental trace element pollutants.Vienna. Report No IAEA /RL /50.

MAFF (Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food). 1985. Survey of Aluminium, Antimony, Chromium, Cobalt, Indium, Nickel, Thallium and Tin in Food. Fifteenth report of the Steering Group on Food Surveillance, the working party on the monitoring of foodstuffs for heavy metals. Food Surveillance Paper No 15. London, UK: The Ministry.

Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF). 1993. Aluminium in Food. The thirty-ninth report of the Steering Group on Chemical Aspects of Food Surveillance. (MAFF) Food Surveillance Paper No. 39. London, UK: The Ministry.

Pratt, P.C. 1950. Pneumoconiosis. 6th Saranac Laboratory Symposium. New York.

Skaugset, N. P., Elingsen, D.G., Jordbekken, L., Notø, H., and Thomassen, Y. 2005. Measurement strategies for peak exposure to gases and aerosols. Abstract 0–60, Fifth International Symposium on Modern Principles of Air Monitoring (Including Biomonitoring), Airmon 2005, Loen, Norway.

US FDA (US Food and Drug Administration). 2000. Aluminum in large and small volume parenterals used in total parenteral nutrition. In Code of Federal Regulations, Vol. 21CFR201.323 [Docket No. 90N-056] and Fed. Regist. 1998, 63:176–185.