Abstract
It is argued that although sustainable development has received widespread acclaim, practical application of the concept has been fraught with difficulties. Furthermore, when adopted and adapted by a single sector such as tourism, further problems arise because many sustainability challenges are inter-sectoral, involving competition for the use of scarce resources among different potential uses. A sustainable livelihoods (SL) approach is advocated as providing a tangible way forward, and an SL framework is presented to guide future research and practice related to sustainability.